The Effect Of Ad Hominem Fallacies And Biases - 905 Words

Analytical Essay on the Effect of Ad Hominem Fallacies and Biases in Writing In writing, fallacies and cognitive biases hamper the effectiveness with which an author depicts his/her points, and therefore obscure the main purpose of a piece. A fallacy is defined as mistaken belief based on an unsound argument, while a bias is a prejudice in favor or against a certain thing, person, object, place, idea, or belief. There exist countless amounts of different types of fallacies and biases, however, regardless of whichever a piece of writing contains, when noticed fallacies and biases will negatively affect writing. When reading and writing, one should remain aware of these fallacies, especially ad hominem fallacies and biases. As will be displayed in both Langewiesche’s and Jones’s articles due to the fact that an abundance of these, divert readers from the main idea of their pieces, cause the authors’ credibility to be questioned, and therefore the credibility of th e writing to be questioned as well. Ad hominem fallacies occur when an author â€Å"instead of directly addressing an opponent s argument, uses a personal attack on his/her opponent’s character or circumstances† (Yapp, 2013, p.99). This fallacy causes two effects on the reader, the first is a bias against the authors opponent, which causes writing to be ineffective. This, is due to the fact that the reader is not forming an opinion against the authors opponents argument, but against the authors actual opponent. TheShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking - Fallacies1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe significance of fallacies in critical thinking is important to understand so that clear and concise arguments can be made on a logical, factual level instead of one that is proliferated with emotions and illogical reasoning. The basis of these fallacies are dependent on critical thinking according to discussions in which the parties may not agree on a situation or one element is attempting to convince another of making a decision. The point of this type of disagreement is to give reasons inRead MoreFinal Exam Review1463 Words   |  6 Pageswhat are the criteria for assessing soundness of information on the Internet) Authority – evaluate credentials of author, sponsor Accuracy – search for replication (links that verify info), grammar/spelling tip-offs Objectivity – beware of biases and â€Å"too good to be true’s† Currency – determine date of info, posting Coverage – evaluate for breadth, depth 11. 6 C’s of language – what â€Å"C† uses amplification? Clarity – makes speeches understandable Color – adds punch to your message Read MorePhi 210 Week 2 Phi210 Week 23502 Words   |  15 Pagesreasons listed under the Pro section and three (3) reasons listed under the Con section. Based on the biases discussed in Chapter 2 and the reasons presented at the Procon.org website: * State your position on the selected topic. Determine the biases you experienced as you examined the reasons for and against your position. * Describe your reaction to your experience of these biases. PHI 210 Week 2 Assignment 1.1 Conflicting Viewpoints Essay - Part I Prewriting Due Week 2 and worth 30Read MoreSociology and Group41984 Words   |  168 Pagessuffer if members fail to cooperate. e. Groups rely on member input to achieve a common goal. Answer: a. Members may take time off to play when work becomes too intense. . The cooperative interaction of several factors that results in a combined effect greater than the total of all individual parts is referred to as a. interaction. b. common goals. c. interdependence. d. synergy. e. working. Answer: d. synergy. . A stamp collecting club is an example a a. self-help group. b. social group

The Similarities and Differences of Dulce et Decorum Est...

The Similarities and Differences of Dulce et Decorum Est and Disables The two poems I have chosen are Dulce et Decorum Est and Disabled. I felt that of the poems that I was given to choose from these two told a tragic and effective story of what war was really like. I have chosen Dulce Et Decorum Est because it describes the struggle of a group of people who have to struggle through the most extraordinary events day in day out. I have chosen Disabled because it shows the struggle of one man who everyday contemplates his wasted life. All he has are the memories but they seem to become more distant as the days go on. Dulce Et Decorum Est Pro Patri Moria translated in to English means It Is†¦show more content†¦Owen is trying too saying that the soldiers are as though they dont know entirely what they are doing. They are just being led along like zombies. These men are but mere shadows of the bright vibrant people that started on this epic journey. The pace of the poem quickens in the 2nd stanza. The soldiers are awoken by a gas attack. This effectively shatters the mood that Owen has told of us in the opening stanza. The soldiers are now awoken by the fact that their lives are in extreme danger and they now have to be fully aware of all their surroundings. Owen says, Dim through the misty panes and thick green light, as under a green sea, I saw him drowning The green light Owen talks of is the sight through their gas masks. Owen uses a simile saying that the man is drowning in a green sea. The reality of this is that the man is drowning in a sea of his own toxic blood. Owen tells us how this memory has stayed with him. The sickening sight of a man lunging at him. Owen seems to have a great fear of the gas attacks when he talks of them. Owen talks of all of the nightmares he has had because of the war and this event in particular Owen says In all my dreams before my helpless sight He describes how the man was taken away and the narrator Owen walked behind and saw his face. Owen is still haunted by the

Systems Implementation Plan - Free Sample - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Systems Implementation Plan. Answer: INTRODUCTION Home away from home is a large organization employing about 3000 men and women from a wide background like catering, hospitality, IT, management etc. HAFH has been in hospitality business for like a decade now and it has grown admirably to reach where it stands tall today. Perhaps we have been very complacent about our achievements that we arent able to keep up with the quality we have been always provided to our business clientele and customer base. A growing service based industry needs to keep itself updated with the latest IT cum growth culture otherwise it takes less than a fortnight to be left years behind. We have proposed a wide set of improvements to be implemented in order to keep the market share and expand grabbing more of it. System Description Outline of system components and deliverables The various systems which have been adentified for being implemented are as follws: Upgrading WIFI in all our hotels, motels, appartments as we have been getting complaints from our most regular client base. PCs are slow and hence it needs to be upgraded, CRT screens needs to be replaced with latest LED screens for performance as well as looks of it. All the existing windows XP needs to be updated to Win 10. A strategy needs to be designed for the implementation of BookIT CookIT packages as it would take 20 and 15 hours respectively to become fully functional. Now for the expansion, as per our current data analysis, we can see that if we provide Conference and Event IT management services, we can grow by 12%, hence implementation of associated hardware and software is to be undertaken. Pre-implementation requirements For implementation of the BookmIT and CookIT, the log files of all the employees needs to be kept handy as it is very likely that we will be facing shortage of human resources for a short period. Store rooms needs to be kept ready for receiving computer hardware as well as furniture in all the respective hotels, appartments. Software packages needs to be bought beforehand and their respective service engineers are required to be intimidated beforehand. Site-specific requirements Hardware Requirements : New PCs need to be bought with new Window 10 OS. WiFi routers also need to be purchased with a throughput of 100MBPS. Software Requirements: Windows 10 OS and softwares for managing routers and networking are required. Data Requirements: Since the entire IT service would be centralized, it would need servers used previously to be stationed so that data analytics could be run, facilitating predictive analysis for the growth of the company. MANAGEMENT of system implementation Since, HAFH is a group of hotels and apartments at various locations, an IT service desk central to all needs to be set up. This would be done at our largest hotel, which would house the server room, technicians and the security and maintenance staff.. Description of Implementation The upgrading of WiFi would be done one by one at all the locations in a span of about a week using our core IT team. For the WiFi coverage, I think the best most economical way would be to make the ISP as a partner for billing, as its a large project and the cost for the wifi is deducted with the hotel bill and not separately. For this we can use a billing partner which would supply the equipment hotspot system. Such ISPs usually provide and install wifi in hotels, shopping centres etc and have a lot of experience in setting up wifi networks. Usually they charge 25% - 50% of the revenue from the hotspot. Again, as the number of computers we need to buy are more than 150 for the server room, IT service desk, analytics team and reception meeting rooms and to be newly introduced conference rooms, we need to ask for quotations from wholesale dealers of computers and parts and also the warrantee and extraneous maintenance. The printers and copiers should also be applied here and bought together as it would help reduce cost or/and get a package deals from the companies. The installations of the printers and copiers should be done following the installation of the wifi hotspots at different locations so that they can be networked together cutting cost and saving time. As a thirdparty Hospitality Solutions is responsible for the modification of the old modules and introduction of BookIT and CookIT which would be taking about 20 and 15 hours respectively, we will have to have an interim arrangement. Also the thing to be noted is that since we are setting up a central IT service desk for monitoring and quality control, the calls or requests for reservation to meals would be processed at the central desk located in the largest hotel. We need to install and modify the package at only one location. I propose that: Calls for booking the hotels rooms, reservation of appartments etc would be diverted to a make shift call centre for the interim period. In case the management decides that the registration or booking though BookIT is to be made central but CookIT be distributed at respective service locations, then the other nearest facility of the group would take over the operations for the period of modification. This will make sure that the customers are not affected by the work. For the central hotel, and other hotels, as we might face a shortage of crew, we have an option of limited booking for the day of operation at a particular location, otherwise showing Sold Out on the app and web. The crew then can be utilized in the upgrade. Now for the expansion of the services, some civil construction work also needs to be dome which might again put some negative impoact on out customer reviews. Hence this work should be dome gradually and major civil cork should be dome only when there is no reservation on that particular day, this can be achieved by shifting the other customers or allowing no booking for a particular day, the date for such has to be decided well in advance. Major Tasks Providing overall planning and coordination for the implementation- this would make sure that the job is done in time, with proper and judicious utilization of resources. Preparing site facilities for implementation this would minimize the wastage of resources and make sure that it is task is delivered timely. Providing personnel for the implementation team- this is a very important task which ensures that the job of implementation of the systems would be done effectively and efficiently. Acquiring system hardware software- since we need to update the routers and windows OS software we will have to get these things beforehand. Configuring and testing hardware software is required since we have to reassure that all the systems are working as they should. Configuring and testing networks needs to be performed and we have to test weather the new networks are capable enough to host 100 bookings and orders at a time. We also have to be sure of a backup of the network and associated servers in case of a failure. Security features of the system- we need back up the data on special backup servers. Startup Cutover The conference and IT management service needs to start for the first time, since this would also have some civil construction work, the hotel or other property need to be vacated so no booking for that particular day and would be carried out one by one for all the hotels so that the customers might be accommodated in other hotels should the need arise. Training Documentation All the training and documentation of the implementation shall be provided by the partner billing company and maintenance log will have to be created for the proper record for the future use. Implementation Schedule This will be done in a months time on daily basis for all the commercial properties. IMPLEMENTATION staff SUPPORT Since, we will have ISP as billing partner, all the staff will be provided by the billing company. Performance Monitoring The data scientist team at the central IT service disk will monitor all the networks and data post implementation to see the changes in business as a result of the work done. Back-Off Plan We shall have backup servers for any issue with the servers. Post-Implementation Plan and Verification All the installed system would be tested continuously, customer reviews would be taken and then fed into the data stream for analyzing, mean while data though social network and others, cheking the ratio of new to returning customers would say everything. References NQA, October 2016, Where to Begin With Integrated Management System Implementation, https://www.qualitydigest.com/inside/management-article/101116-where-begin-integrated-management-system-implementation.html# Patricia Lotich, May 2016, 12 Steps to Implementing a Quality Management System, https://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/12-steps-to-implementing-a-quality-management-system/ Patricia Lotich, August 2017, 8 Steps to Implementing Successful Organizational Change, https://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/8-steps-to-implementing-successful-organizational-change/ Cathrine Adenle, February 2015, 20 Effective Ways to Involve and Support Employees During Change, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20-effective-ways-involve-support-employees-during-change-adenle Susan M. Heathfield, September 2017, Learn How to Make Strategic Planning Implementation Work, https://www.thebalance.com/how-to-make-strategic-planning-implementation-work-1919184 https://www.solarwinds.com/network-monitoring-best-practices https://www.dynatrace.com/topics/network-monitoring/network-performance-monitoring/ GFI Softwares, 2011, The Business implications of not having backup strategy: Where business get it wrong, https://www.gfi.com/whitepapers/The_Business_Implications_of_not_having_a_Backup_Strategy.pdf Microsoft, October 2011, https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/develop-backup-plan-1(v=ws.11).asp Kevin Lo, Elliot Harmon and ONE/Northwest, April 2012, Your Organizations Backup Strategy, https://www.techsoup.org/support/articles-and-how-tos/your-organizations-backup-strategy

Taking The Test Essays - Essay, Stress, Test,

Taking The Test Many essays have been written that one could describe as touching, or something one could easily relate to. A very good example is Taking the Test by David Groff. He writes about taking an AIDS test, and records all his feelings and emotions as he waits for, and receives, what could be something that may lead to a death sentence. This essay is enjoyed by many people, because it is touching, it is easy to relate to the pressure, and stress that is connected with taking a test, and it is a new, recent subject that could, or does, affect people now. This essay is very touching. The reader feels very sympathetic towards the man taking the test. Even more so because the author announces that he is gay. The way he describes his emotions and feelings, fear, confusion, and loneliness, is very moving. He notices very small things because he almost believes he is infected, and it makes everything that much more precious. The way he makes everything sound very beautiful, as he describes it, is understandable, despite the fact that he is awaiting his sentence, life or death, because even though HIV does not mean death, it means an inevitable pain, and suffering, if not physically, then mentally, and if not for you, then for the loved ones. Had he told the reader the outcome of the test, the reaction to the story would have been different. If he was positive, the reader would become overly sympathetic, overlooking the reason for the story which was not sympathy, but to teach a lesson, As long and as well as you can, live, live. (Groff 75) Had the author been negative, the reader would have pushed the essay away, again overlooking the lesson, and thinking that the author worried for nothing. Groff pushes all the right buttons, keeping his audience begging for the outcome of the test. A reason that this essay is touching to many readers is because it is easy to relate to. Many people understand the pressure and stress that is connected with taking a test, even if it is a pop quiz in math. Unfortunately, many people know how it feels to take, and fail, an AIDS test. Many people know someone close to them who has taken the test and failed. For instance, my uncle was a gay, catholic priest. He overcame all fears and took the blood test, to learn that he was positive. It was very hard on our family, but we learned to live with it. I think it was a lot harder to understand what he was going through because I didnt know what he was feeling and, unfortunately I never got the chance to ask. This essay opened my eyes a bit wider. People with other medical problems can also relate to Groffs essay. Women awaiting results of their breast examination, knowing that one of the eight women in the waiting room will have bad results can relate. A football player waiting for the res ults of his x-ray which, will determine if he ever plays football again, can also relate to this essay. Groff uses a very basic subject, and handles it well. Because this essay is written about a newer, more recent subject, more readers are attracted to it. It has been much easier to come out of the closet lately, and more people understand that. People will deal with homosexuality some time in their life, be it a family member, a friend, a co-worker, or themselves. AIDS, in general, has also been a recent subject in newspapers and magazines. Twenty years ago when AIDS was just discovered, it was easy to see why people didnt really pay much attention to it. Now, that there are warnings, it is hard to understand why people are so risky. People will also deal with AIDS sometime in their life. Its a very common subject, and it is what people want to read about, themselves. This essay is enjoyed by many people, because it is touching, it is easy to relate to the pressure, and stress that is connected with taking a test, and it is a new, recent subject that could, or does,

Consultant To Wijaya Products Tourism Essay Essays

Consultant To Wijaya Products Tourism Essay Essays Consultant To Wijaya Products Tourism Essay Essay Consultant To Wijaya Products Tourism Essay Essay Introduction In order to make this assignment I assume that I have been hired as a adviser to Wijaya Products ( Pvt ) Ltd which is a well-established fabrication company of spices and condiment merchandises in Sri Lanka ( place state ) . The company was established in 1989. Image 01: Logo of Wijaya Merchandises Vision Bing one of the Sri Lanka s prima fabrication and selling company of spices and condiment merchandises in Sri Lanka, we strive to go a universe renowned maker, distributer and exporter in the chief points we produce. Mission We ever believe that we are the concern and happy because of our honored client s satisfaction through feedback. We are ever committed to better the quality of our merchandises by presenting the province of the art engineering, skilled employees and promoting them challenge themselves. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //spiceswijay.com/index.php? p=abtus ) Merchandises Spices chillie pieces, chillie pulverization, roasted chillie pulverization, curry pulverization, roasted curry pulverization, pepper pulverization, turmeric pulverization and mustard pulverization. Flour ruddy rice flour, white rice flour, kurakkan flour, undu flour and sago Pasta Noodles, particular noodles and particular papadam Coffee Tea Salt ( hypertext transfer protocol: //spiceswijay.com/index.php? p=procat ) Certified Recognition ISO 9001 2008 Quality Management System ISO 22000 2005 Food Safety Management System ISO 14000 2004 Environment Management System SLS Quality Standards ( hypertext transfer protocol: //spiceswijay.com/index.php? p=urvalus ) Wijaya Merchandises are manufactured by utilizing quality natural stuffs with no added artificial colourss, spirits and savings. Presently there are over 400 employees employed in the organisation. The merchandises are exported to states such as Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Maldives and Italy. ( http: //www.eximdata.com/company/wijaya-products pvt ltd-7112.html ) As an enlargement plan the company is be aftering to spread out their operations by exporting spice merchandises including chillie pieces, chillie pulverization, roasted chillie pulverization, curry pulverization, roasted curry pulverization, pepper pulverization, turmeric pulverization and mustard pulverization to United Kingdom ( host state ) peculiarly to London. The chief mark market is South Asians in London. Image 02: Spices Reasons to Select UK It is decided to export merchandises to United Kingdom because there are many South Asiatic people in England. These people use spices to fix their every day-to-day repast. Therefore there will be a demand for the merchandises. In 2007, 170,000 Sri Lankan people were in UK. ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Sri_Lankans ) Following Table 01 shows the population of some of the South Asians in England harmonizing to the 2001 nose count and 2009 estimations. By 2011 it is definite it ll be increased. 2001 Population 2001 Percentage 2009 Population 2009 Percentage American indians 1,028,546 2.09 % 1,414,100 2.7 % Pakistanis 706,539 1.44 % 990,700 1.9 % Bangladeshis 275,394 0.56 % 384,300 0.7 % Other South Asians 237,810 0.48 % 377,700 0.7 % Table 01: 2001 nose count and 2009 estimated population of South Asians in England ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_England ) Many South Asians are in states such as Canada, UK, USA, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Australia and Italy. ( www.go2southasia.org/embrace/south-asians-around-the-world/ ) The company selected England due to following grounds. Refer Appendix 01 for farther analysis. Many South Asians are found in a individual state and their population is quickly turning. British Pound is universe s 5th highest valued currency unit. ( www.xe.com ) UK is the 6th largest economic system in the universe and the 2nd largest within the EU. ( www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3846.htm ) EU is the largest export market for spices. UK is a prima spice devouring state in EU. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.epckenya.org/index.php? option=com_content A ; task=view A ; id=173 A ; Itemid=206 ) Reason to Select London Merchandises are exported to London. London was selected because bulk of South Asians in UK lives in London. Following Table 02 clearly shows that entire population of Sri Lankans, Indians and Pakistanis in London has increased from 1991 to 2001 and the London has the largest population. Region Population 1991 2001 London 222,061 289,241 East Midlands 48,391 58,335 North East 4,901 12,150 North West 63,949 82,467 South East 70,359 85,722 South West 5,836 19,576 East of England 38,600 46,733 Cymrus 7,927 9,483 Table 02: Entire Population of South Asians in 1991 A ; 2001 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/born_abroad.stm ) UK consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Nothern Ireland. London is the capital of England. The substructure of London is in good criterions. London s conveyance forms the bosom of the route, rail and air webs in UK. London has a web of roads runing from main roads, major individual passenger car manner roads, distributer roads and streets. There are six airdromes in London such as Heathrow, Gatwick, Luton, Stansted, London City and London South end Airport. Ships can go through River Thames and it is one of London s chief conveyance paths. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_London ) Image 03: Map of UK Different Social Groups in Sri Lanka and UK Sri Lanka United Kingdom Entire Population 21,283,913 ( 2011 est. ) 62,698,362 ( 2011 est. ) Age Structure 0-14 old ages 24.9 % 15-64 old ages 67.2 % 65 and above 7.9 % 0-14 old ages 17.3 % 15-64 old ages 66.2 % 65 and above 16.5 % Gender Male 49.3 % Female 50.7 % Male 49.2 % Female 50.8 % Cultural Groups Sinhala 73.8 % Sri Lankan Moors 7.2 % Indian Tamil 4.6 % Sri Lankan Tamil 3.9 % Other 10.5 % White 92.1 % Black 2 % Indian 1.8 % Pakistani 1.3 % Mixed 1.2 % Other 1.6 % Religions Buddhists 69.1 % Muslim 7.6 % Hindu 7.1 % Christian 6.2 % Other 10 % Christian 71.6 % Muslim 2.7 % Hindu 1 % Other 1.6 % Unspecified 23.1 % Languages Sinhala 74 % Tamil 18 % Other 8 % English more than 70 % Cambrian Irish Cornish Table 03: Different societal groups in Sri Lanka and UK ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/srilanka.html ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/UK.html ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indexmundi.com/sri_lanka/demographics_profile.html ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indexmundi.com/united_kingdom/demographics_profile.html ) Different Social Group Behavior Patterns of Sri Lanka and UK Greetings and Meetings The traditional manner of recognizing in Sri Lanka is stating Ayubowan ( in Sinhalese ) or Vanakkam ( in Tamil ) by seting thenar together and somewhat bowing the caput. But younger people by and large tend to agitate custodies. In UK manus shingle is the common signifier of salutation and there is no issue over gender. In Sri Lankan civilization, adult females abstain from physical contact with unfamiliar work forces, hence most of the adult females will non manus shingle. In concern meetings, because of the hierarchal civilization Sri Lankans use rubrics along with the family name. If there is no professional rubric, so uses Sir or Madam . Where as in UK, most people use rubric or Mr , Mrs , or Miss along with the family name. Now a twenty-four hours this can besides be seen utilizing in Sri Lanka every bit good. In concern meetings both UK and Sri Lanka are normally formal and wear formal costumes. British work forces wear a suit with a tie and places. Women wear concern suits with shirt with either a skirt or with a pant. This is besides the same in Sri Lanka but sometimes adult females wear Sarees. In UK meetings ever have a clearly defined intent therefore meetings are conducted harmonizing to an docket. Both Sri Lankans and British avoid long-drawn-out oculus contact as it makes people experience uncomfortable. Dining Etiquettes Main repast dishes in UK are Roast Meat, Yorkshire pudding, and Toad-in the-hole. Main repast in Sri Lanka is Rice and Curry. Asians particularly South Asians including Sri Lankans, Indians and Pakistani s usage batch of spices when fixing nutrient. Sri Lankan people normally use their right manus to eat but on occasions they use cutter to eat. British people ever use cutter particularly a fork and a knife to eat nutrient. Moslems refrain from hog merchandises, intoxicant or any other nutrient that contain meat unless it is halaal certified. Hindus do non devour beef because they consider it as a sacred animate being. Gift Giving Etiquettes Peoples in both states portion gifts particularly among household members and close friend. British people give gifts for birthdays and Christmas. Sri Lankan people portion gifts for occasions such as birthdays, nuptialss, Sinhala and Tamil New Year and Christmas. British normally give gifts such as box of cocoas, bottle of vino or flowers. Hindus do non prefer gifts made out of leather. Sri Lankans give and receive gifts from both custodies in order to demo niceness. British unfastened gifts when received but it is non the same in Sri Lanka. They do non open gifts when received. Festivals and Celebrations In Sri Lanka different festivals are celebrated harmonizing to the ethnicity or the faith. Vesak Fool Moon Day celebrated by Buddhists Deepawali and Maha Siva Rathri celebrated by Hindus Haj Festival and Ramadaan celebrated by Moslems Christmas is celebrated by Christians. UK the festivals and jubilations include Easter, Halloween, Edinburgh Festival and Bonfire Night. Harmonizing to the ethnicity or the faith people in UK celebrates different festivals and jubilations. Sinhala and Tamil people celebrates New Year on 14th of April, Muslims celebrates New Year harmonizing to the Islamic calendar which is known as Muharram . Where as British celebrates New Year on 1st of January. Other British people consider promptness is of import while Sri Lankans do non pay much attending to promptness. Black is mourning colour in UK and White is considered as mourning colour in Sri Lanka. In UK, V for Victory mark, done with the manus is considered as an violative gesture. Sri Lankans keep long intermissions and use obvious tactics of turning away. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/srilanka.html ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/UK.html ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cyborlink.com/besite/united_kingdom.htm ) Positive and Negative Influences of Sri Lankan and UK Cultures on Business Decision Making Decision devising is slower in UK. Therefore hotfooting into speedy determinations may harm the concern relationship. This is negatively act uponing the concern determination devising in state of affairss where the determination has to be made really rapidly. In Sri Lanka there are merely few linguistic communications used. The chief linguistic communications are Sinhala, Tamil and English. There are other linguistic communications such as Malay but those linguistic communications are non normally used. This has a positive influence on make up ones minding which language/languages to utilize in packaging, labeling and in promotional activities. Even though the English is the chief linguistic communication in UK, there are different ethnicities that use different linguistic communications. For illustration there are many Indians and Pakistanis in UK. There are tonss of linguistic communications that Indians use including Hindi, Tamil, Bengali, Theligu, Kannada, and Gujarati and so on. Pakistanis usage linguistic communications such as Urdu, Panjabi, Pashto and Sindhi and so on. This may act upon negatively on make up ones minding which linguistic communication to utilize in packaging and labeling. Sri Lankans usage spices for the readying of every twenty-four hours repasts. What of all time the ethnicity, the faith, gender or age except babies consumes spices. This nutrient behaviour positively impacts on make up ones minding the mark market. But in UK there are assorted sorts of ethnicities with different nutrient behaviour forms. British utilizations spice but non every bit much as Asians particularly South Asians including Sri Lankans and Indians. Majority of the population is British. Therefore it has an influence on concern determination devising. In UK there are different ethnicities with different spiritual groups. They celebrate different festivals and vacations. When make up ones minding what promotional activities to transport out and when to transport out promotional activities these civilizations will act upon negatively because there are so many facets to look into. Due to the few cultural and spiritual groups in Sri Lanka it is easy to do determinations on promotional activities. There are tonss of societal groups in UK harmonizing to the ethnicity and faiths which are different from one another. When fulfilling one societal group you may pique another societal group due to cultural differences. Hence it is really hard to do determinations to fulfill every one. Therefore it has a negative impact on determination devising. Peoples in UK value promptness. Therefore merchandises should make and should go to to concern meetings on clip. Sri Lankans do non pay much attending to Punctuality. If promptness is non met in UK so it may negatively impact on the concern. For illustration if Sri Lankans could non go to a meeting on clip in UK, so there will be deficiency of clip to discourse concern affairs and the determination devising will acquire slower. Therefore this may consequence negatively on concern determination devising. In Sri Lanka these merchandises are considered as feminine merchandises. But in UK there are many individual people ( males ) in UK particularly the 1s who have migrated for their surveies or business. These people make their ain nutrient. Therefore it is hard to categorise the merchandises as feminine or masculine in UK. This will act upon negatively. Honor and self-respect is highly of import to Sri Lankans. When the reply to a inquiry is no Sri Lankans give vague or uncommitted replies to avoid losing award or self-respect. Sometimes they may state one thing but mean another thing. This may consequence negatively on concern determination devising. For illustration in a concern meeting if Sri Lankans use obscure replies to avoid face, it may make misinterpretations among the British. Therefore this may act upon negatively on concern determination devising. Decision In order to make this assignment I assume that I have been hired as a adviser to Wijaya Products ( Pvt ) Ltd which is a well-established fabrication company of spices and condiment merchandises in Sri Lanka ( place state ) . As an enlargement plan the company is be aftering to spread out their operations by exporting spice merchandises including chillie pieces, chillie pulverization, roasted chillie pulverization, curry pulverization, roasted curry pulverization, pepper pulverization, turmeric pulverization and mustard pulverization to United Kingdom ( host state ) peculiarly to London. The chief mark market is South Asians in London. Reasons to choose UK includes that there are many South Asiatic people in England and the all right economic conditions. London was selected because bulk of South Asians in UK lives in London and the substructure of London are in good criterions. There are different societal groups of Sri Lanka and UK harmonizing to the age, gender, ethnicity and faith and their behaviour forms differ harmonizing to the salutation and meeting, gift giving etiquettes, dining etiquettes and festivals and jubilations. Finally concludes with an analysis of positive and negative influences of place and host state cultures on concern determination devising. Making concern in UK is non same as making concern in Sri Lanka because there are tonss of societal groups harmonizing to the ethnicity and faiths which are different from one another. When fulfilling one societal group you may pique another group due to cultural differences. Therefore making concern in UK is a challenge because it is seen as a paradox in many facets. Recommendation As the adviser of Wijaya Products ( Pvt ) Ltd following recommendations are recommended to follow when carry oning concern in UK. By Achieving the Halaal enfranchisement the company will able to make Muslims easy. When carry oning meetings with people in UK, use an docket and do certain it is forwarded in progress for them to reexamine and urge any alterations. Include facts and figures when making presentations because people in UK rely on facts instead than emotions in determination devising. After a meeting, direct a missive including what was decided and what are the future stairss to be taken. It is recommended to be punctual because people in UK value promptness the most. UK has a diverse society because of the mixture of cultural and spiritual groups. Therefore needs to concentrate more on different civilizations bing in UK when determinations are made.

Stance and Its Relations

Stance and Its Relations â€Å"Stance† and Its Relations â€Å"Stance† and Its Relations By Mark Nichol A previous post listed words such as constitute that ultimately stem from the Latin verb stare, meaning â€Å"stand.† Here, stance (from the present participle of stare), and words in which stance is the root, as well as terms related to those words, are listed and defined. A stance is a literal or figurative attitude or posture or a position in which a person stands to prepare to engage in athletic activity. (Stand is from Old English and is distantly related.) Constance (â€Å"standing with†), meaning â€Å"steadfastness,† is an obsolete term (and a rare female given name), as is its synonym constancy, but the adjectival form constant persists to mean â€Å"steadfast† as well as â€Å"invariable† or â€Å"uniform† as well as â€Å"regular.† The adverbial form is constantly, and the antonym is inconstant. Circumstance (â€Å"standing around†) means â€Å"condition, detail, event, or fact associated with another,† or pertains to evidence that supports the likelihood of an event (as in the phrase â€Å"circumstantial evidence†); circumstances is a euphemism alluding to financial resources (for example, one said to be in straitened circumstances is poor). Distance (â€Å"standing apart†) is the space between two points in space or time, or the quality of being spatially or emotionally remote or intellectually dispassionate; the adjectival form is distant, and distantly is the adverbial form. (Distantness is a rarely used noun referring to the quality of being distant.) One can also describe a far point or area as â€Å"the distance,† as in the phrase â€Å"looking out into the distance.† An instance (â€Å"standing on†) is an example or an occasion; the word can also be a verb meaning â€Å"cite† or â€Å"demonstrate†; in legal terminology, it pertains to the pursuit of a lawsuit. Instant means â€Å"a very small point at time†; an additional, outdated sense is â€Å"the current month,† seen abbreviated in historical correspondence in phrases such as â€Å"in your letter of the 15th inst.,† meaning â€Å"the letter you sent on the 15th of this month.† As an adjective, instant means â€Å"current,† â€Å"immediate,† or â€Å"urgent† or refers to something ready-made or able to be prepared very quickly and/or very easily; instantly is the adverbial form. The adjective instantaneous means â€Å"occurring immediately,† and its adverbial form is instantaneously. The verb instantiate is a synonym for â€Å"embody† or â€Å"express.† A substance (â€Å"standing under†) is any physical material, but substance also pertains to essence, meaning, and quality. Euphemistically, it refers to property or wealth, as in the phrase â€Å"a man of substance.† In reference to addictive or otherwise harmful substances, it is used in the phrases â€Å"controlled substance† and â€Å"substance abuse.† The adjective substantial has multiple senses, including â€Å"essential† or â€Å"true,† or â€Å"considerable† or â€Å"sturdy.† Substantial can also be a noun meaning â€Å"something of substance,† and the quality of being substantial is substantiality or substantialness, and the adverbial form is substantially. Assistance is the act of assisting, or helping, a person or another entity. (Assist literally means â€Å"stand by.†) Desistance refers to desisting, or ceasing to assist; the noun is little used, but desist (â€Å"stop standing†), though rarely employed otherwise, is widely known from the legal phrase â€Å"cease and desist,† which pertains to a demand to stop infringing on a right, such as copyright. Resistance is the act of opposing or an opposing force or a source of opposition, the capacity to resist (â€Å"stand again†), or a behavior in which a patient opposes psychological therapy; capitalized, the noun has referred to various organizations that covertly oppose a force occupying a country or other geopolitical territory. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Talking10 Colloquial Terms and Their Meanings50 Synonyms for "Song"

Social Cognitive Theory of gender development and functioning Essay

Social Cognitive Theory of gender development and functioning - Essay Example Though there are both positive and negative effects of classification through gender, it can be considered as the main basis in the segregation needed in different aspects of life (p. 92). Gender differentiation is another influential concept that has effects on the social functions and roles of a person. This can be attributed to the fact that the society often presents a double standard on the genders resulting to prejudice on the basis of being male or being female. The stereotypical notion, that males are stronger, more capable and have higher status, can be considered as the effect of such view. Although gender differences can evidently be based on the physical attributes, it is the socio-cultural aspect which can greatly affect the development of a person (p. 92-93). There are different theories through the course of history include the Freudian psychoanalytic theories, Kohlberg’s cognitive theory, the gender schema theory and the social and biological theories (p. 93). The study undertaken is focused on the discussion of the Social Cognitive theory which constitutes different aspects namely biological, cognitive and social. The said theory can be considered to have the important applications in the different scenarios in the society due to its recognition the complex interaction of functions that can constitute the gender development of a person. In terms of the basic point of view of the theory, it can be considered as a synergy of the concepts of personal, behavioral and environmental theories which include the different interactions between the said factors can be considered as the main strength of the Social Cognitive Theory (p. 94). It can be analyzed that from the main cause and origin of the said theory, the cognition and the analysis of the different issues and concerns within the social realm is the main

Is Outsourcing Good for America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is Outsourcing Good for America - Essay Example As Konig & Koskela elaborates â€Å"Over the last years, as a result of the growing globalization, international outsourcing, which is defined as the acquisition of production parts from an independent foreign supplier, has become an important managerial tool in reorganizing a firm’s production process (22). Outsourcing as a managerial tool however is not a new or a radical business practice concept. Offshoring, a specific subset of outsourcing, involves the practice of moving noncore operations overseas, either by transferring jobs to a foreign subcontractor or building a facility where labor is cheap (Burkholder 2). It is only recent that outsourcing became pervasive as precipitated by the advances in information technology, integration of economy and the necessity for businesses to keep up with competition. As further elaborated by Burkholder, Private industry and the federal government have numerous reasons for outsourcing. Based on a survey by the General Services Admini stration in February 1998, â€Å"Outsourcing Information Technology,† the following are the primary reasons, in descending order of importance, for outsourcing information systems: Focus in-house resources on core functions. Allow personnel cost savings. Improve quality of information systems services. Increase flexibility (9). And this pervasiveness in resorting to outsourcing has changed the way business is done. Now, some early adopters are figuring out how to tap overseas workers for personal tasks. They're turning to a vast talent pool in India, China, Bangladesh and elsewhere for jobs ranging from landscape architecture to kitchen remodeling and math tutoring. They're also outsourcing some surprisingly small jobs, including getting a dress designed, creating address labels for wedding invitations or finding a good deal on a hotel room, for example (http://online.wsj.com). Given the scope and scale that outsourcing is being practiced today, it is no longer a surprise tha t this has caused anxiety among workers of host countries of a possible displacement from their jobs. Those workers' fears however have some grounding in fact. The prime motive of most corporate bean counters jumping on the offshoring bandwagon has been to take advantage of such "labor arbitrage" -- the huge wage gap between industrialized and developing nations. And without doubt, big layoffs often accompany big outsourcing deals (http://www.businessweek.com). Business as an entity is still profit driven and will always look for ways for it have a competitive edge against competitor to maintain profitability and increase the value for its shareholders. As always, it will always be motivated on cutting cost to maximize profitability. Such, outsourcing is just one of its strategy to keep up with competition and maintain its profitability in the market. For sure jobs will be in danger. With wages in developing countries like India and China which is only 10 to 20% compared to US salar y, the incentive for companies to outsource is just very hard to resist especially when there seems to be an endless supply of educated and underemployed workers (Hira 3) who can equally perform a US based job. The IT industry, which was once one of the highest paid jobs, is estimated by the experts of the University of California to be in danger of being outsourced. And nothing can

Meaning of Life and Personality Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Personality Essay What is personality? Personality is defined as a ingrained and relatively enduring patterns of thoughts, feeling and behavior. How can anybody be certain how his or her personality is going to turn out. I think people go through many different types an stages of personality throughout life. I think there no way to judge a personality, and thats if you go by what researchers go by. Do researchers gather all the people in the world and judge the way they act, think, and go through what they do? I think everybody chooses their own personality, what I mean is there personality goes through what prson want it to be. People change their personality many times, at different times. People change their personality through the environment they go to everyday. There is really is no defintion to me, because personality changes too many times and people change each time to a new social world. A personality is very unique to a person, because it defines a person characterstics toward life. Personality usually has to constitute the meaning of that person and the way he or she lives in the world. Personality has to be with that person at all times, because it will help it will help distinguish you from other people. Personality is a key element for a person to establish his or hers in the social world. One person can not only have on personality because that person thakes on a different personality of the series of things that a person is going about. This all comes to point how does personality develops in a person. Reasechers think personality develops in the enviroment and is through heredity.

Rape: The Opening of a Taboo :: Crime Violence Women Essays

Rape: The Opening of a Taboo missing works cited â€Å"I had been working a while, maybe an hour or so, when I became aware of the sound of breathing behind me. A man was standing there, watching me type on the laptop. He had been there for quite some time,† wrote a Massachusetts Institute of Technology student in the university’s newspaper, the Tech. Concern about the victimization of female college students has grown in this country since 1990, according to the Sexual Victimization of College Women report by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). The rising awareness of sexual victimization has displaced the ideal of college campuses as ivory towers for the new fear that campuses have become â€Å"hot spots for criminal activity,† the report said. Awareness about this topic began to grow with the passing of the Student Right-to-Know and Campus Security Act of 1990. This act forced any college that was participating in a federal student aid programs to publish and distribute to its students and employees an annual report containing security policies and campus crime statistics for the university, the NIJ and BJS report said. The Campus Sexual Assault Victims’ Bill of Rights was added to the act in 1992. The federal law requires that the victim has the right to change their academic schedule and their residence hall, according to James Ferrier, Associate Director of Public Safety at Northeastern University. " Now often times the woman says ‘Wait a minute, he’s the one who did it. He’s the one who should move or he’s the one who should have his schedule changed. Why should my life be changed? Why should I move out from out of my circle of friends and move somewhere else?’ The answer there is clear, it’s a due process issue. At that point, the perpetrator hasn’t been found responsible of anything, he’s innocent until proven guilty. Just on an accusation, it would violate that person’s rights of due process,† Ferrier said. Campus Statistics Many studies have been done since the act was passed in 1990 to collect the statistics of sexual assault on college campuses. â€Å"The statistics that are used are 35 out of 1,000 college-age women will raped each academic year. On a campus with 10,000 students, that’s 350 a year,† said Sarah Dawgert, Public Education and Volunteer Coordinator at the Boston Area Rape Crisis Center (BARCC). â€Å"One out of six or one out of ten is a victim of sexual assault during her college career. Rape: The Opening of a Taboo :: Crime Violence Women Essays Rape: The Opening of a Taboo missing works cited â€Å"I had been working a while, maybe an hour or so, when I became aware of the sound of breathing behind me. A man was standing there, watching me type on the laptop. He had been there for quite some time,† wrote a Massachusetts Institute of Technology student in the university’s newspaper, the Tech. Concern about the victimization of female college students has grown in this country since 1990, according to the Sexual Victimization of College Women report by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). The rising awareness of sexual victimization has displaced the ideal of college campuses as ivory towers for the new fear that campuses have become â€Å"hot spots for criminal activity,† the report said. Awareness about this topic began to grow with the passing of the Student Right-to-Know and Campus Security Act of 1990. This act forced any college that was participating in a federal student aid programs to publish and distribute to its students and employees an annual report containing security policies and campus crime statistics for the university, the NIJ and BJS report said. The Campus Sexual Assault Victims’ Bill of Rights was added to the act in 1992. The federal law requires that the victim has the right to change their academic schedule and their residence hall, according to James Ferrier, Associate Director of Public Safety at Northeastern University. " Now often times the woman says ‘Wait a minute, he’s the one who did it. He’s the one who should move or he’s the one who should have his schedule changed. Why should my life be changed? Why should I move out from out of my circle of friends and move somewhere else?’ The answer there is clear, it’s a due process issue. At that point, the perpetrator hasn’t been found responsible of anything, he’s innocent until proven guilty. Just on an accusation, it would violate that person’s rights of due process,† Ferrier said. Campus Statistics Many studies have been done since the act was passed in 1990 to collect the statistics of sexual assault on college campuses. â€Å"The statistics that are used are 35 out of 1,000 college-age women will raped each academic year. On a campus with 10,000 students, that’s 350 a year,† said Sarah Dawgert, Public Education and Volunteer Coordinator at the Boston Area Rape Crisis Center (BARCC). â€Å"One out of six or one out of ten is a victim of sexual assault during her college career.

Business Law: Exemption Clause

An exemption is a clause in a contract that exempts or removes liability from one or both parties in certain circumstances. Exemption clauses are used frequently in business organization contract. These clauses apportion risk between the parties concerned and the law upholds them, assuming the parties negotiated them while drafting the contract 2. The two ways in which exemption clauses can be incorporated in a contract are: (1) Incorporation by notice and (2) Incorporation by signature. 3.I would first ask X if he was notified of the hotel’s policy while, he was checking in. If He was informed of a policy to secure valuables at the front desk, then he was responsible for his losses and Y had no obligation to reimburse him for his losses. However, if he was not informed of Y’s policy on securing valuables while checking in then he was entitled to be reimburses by Y. He is entitled for reimbursement because the notice in the room did not form part of the contract between himself and Y.He became aware of this policy after the contract was made and therefore it cannot form part of the contract. Y is therefore responsible for replacing his valuables. 4. Tim went to Danto Auto Rental to rent a minivan for his family trip in Maxboro Estate. He was notify that the Danto Auto Rental is not responsible for any damages inflicted to any occupant of the minivan cause by mechanical problems or any vehicle accident. Tim signed the document exempting Danto Auto Rental from liability case by mechanical problems or any vehicle accident.For an exemption to be upheld there must be sufficient notice of the exemption or the exemption must be incorporated by signature. This means that the exemption must be in a contract signed by both parties or a party must be made aware of the exemption clause in reasonable time or at the time of the contract. In this case the contract was made when Tim sign the rental documents. 5. An exemption clause must satisfy both the common la w and statutory criteria. The courts in recent cases have, however, tended to concentrate on the statutory criteria. . Misrepresentation is: A statement of fact made by one party to contract (the representor) to the other (the representee) which, while not forming a term of the contract, is one of the reasons that induces the representee to enter into the contract. 7. In a misrepresentation case, for the courts to make its decision, it generally looks for the following two things in the representor’s statement: (1) Statement of fact and (2) Inducement. 8. In a case of Tim v Roy – T Company build concrete houses with plycemet backing instead of blocks.The marketing department of the company, market the houses as fully concrete. R purchase one of the houses from T Company at the cost you would pay for a fully concrete house. After living in the house for a month R found out that the house was not fully concrete. The plaintiff sued on grounds that he bought the house from the company because he thought the company was building fully concrete houses and he was deceived when they did not. In this case the information given by the Marketing department was of a fraudulent one therefore it was a fraudulent misrepresentation.When proving a fraudulent misrepresentation the plaintiff have to prove that the representor acted in a fraudulent manner or that they made the statement knowingly or without belief it was true or recklessly. All of the above was proven. Tanya’s Boutique v. Andrea Collins – In this case, Tanya gave wrong information concerning the originality and make of the dresses she sold in her boutique. This information was given based on facts that she got from the Dictoria Secret weekly which have a reputation from outstanding information on quality dresses. Andrea later found out that the dresses she bought was a knock-off and not an original.She returned the dresses and requested that her money be return. Tanya refused to return the money. In the case, the misrepresentation by Tanya could be classified, as innocent misrepresentation because she believed the dresses were original. Therefore, her burden had been discharge and her representation could be classified as innocent misrepresentation. 9. (a)(b)(c) Type of MisrepresentationRemedies Available 1FraudulentRescission & damages 2Negligent (common law)Damages only 3Negligent (representor must show reasonable grounds to believe in the truth of the statement)Rescission & damages 4InnocentRecession & Indemnity 0. 1. Indemnity – Compensation for wrong done, or trouble, expense or loss incurred. An undertaking usually by deed to indemnify another. An indemnity can only claimed for loss arising from the entering into the contract and not for any consequential loss, which can only be claimed as damages. 2. Damages – The pecuniary satisfaction awarded by a judge or jury in a civil action for the wrong suffered by the plaintiff. (Exemplary damages; n ominal damages) Damages can be assessed either on a reliance basis or on an expectation basis. 3.Rescission – Putting a contract to an end or voiding a contract usually caused by some type of misrepresentation. It is an equitable remedy and therefore discretionary. It can be loss because of reaffirmation, lapse of time; restitution is no longer possible and a third party has gained an interest. Rescission can be lost where the subject matter of the contract cannot be restored to the representor, and where a third party has gained an interest in the goods. 4. Onus – Burden of proof 5. Contra Proferentem rule – States that any doubt or ambiguity in the wording of a clause will be construed against the person seeking to rely on it.

Project Assignment Essay

Planning is critical phase in a project life cycle. Although that is the case project control is pivotal and it goes through the project phase. Without proper project control in any project, failure possibilities are fairly high in such project. The intention of scope management is to define and outline the intention of any project. Scope management is defined by the PMBOK as; ‘†¦.. the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work only the work required, to complete the project successfully. It is primarily concerned with defining and controlling what is or not included in the project.’ The project scope sets the stage for developing a project plan. It clearly states the project’s objectives and deliverables. Scope definition provides an administrative plan that is used to develop your operational plan, i.e. the plan for how you are going to run the project. Scope definition should be as brief as possible, but complete. Poorly defined scope leads to project failure. The development of the scope must involve the project manager, sponsors, performing organisations and beneficiaries. Our organisation like any other company before initiating a project will follow the following ways in designing scope management: âž ¢ Scope planning: PMBOK defines this stage as ‘the process of developing a written scope statement as the basis for future project including, in particular, the criteria used to determine if the project or phase has been completed successfully.’ In scope planning issues that refers to schedule, cost timelines and boundaries will be outlined in this phase. âž ¢ Scope definition: The PMBOK defines scope as; ’subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components’. In order to be clear of the intention of any project, project must be defined clearly in order to operate smoothly. If the scope of the project is not clearly defined the project manager will suffer the consequences of possibilities of project failure and the conflict that will arise between him or her and client or the project sponsor. In relation to the WBS the scope will be divided in work packages. âž ¢ Scope verification: during the initiation phase and scope planning, stakeholders and the client must verify the scope in order to approve the scope of the intended project. Scope verification is one of the important tools of project planning as the project cannot go ahead until stakeholders verify it. For an example during the initial phase once the project manager presents the feasibility study to the stakeholders their inputs and approval is key to the project. 1. WBS: Work break down structure The work break down structure (WBS) was developed in the 1960’s as the tool to enhance project planning. WBS is in a hierarchal form where work packages are presented either in graphical box or text indent. Burke (2010:128) mentions the main components of WBS as the following: ââ€" ª Structure ââ€" ª Method of subdivision ââ€" ª Numbering or coding ââ€" ª Level of detail ââ€" ª Number of WBS levels ââ€" ª Roll up ââ€" ª Integrating the WBS to assign responsibility Once the scope and deliverables have been identified, the work of the project can be subdivided into smaller work elements. The outcome of this process is called the work breakdown structure. All the elements/steps that make up WBS are called work packages. It is very useful as the structure clearly points to what has to be done and in what sequence (order). It divides the work and responsibility into individual work implementation for the project by: †¢ making it possible to plan, schedule and budget; †¢ providing a framework for tracking and monitoring cost and work performance; †¢ defining communication channels; †¢ assisting in understanding and coordinating many parts of the project; †¢ pointing to problems and ensuring they are quickly addressed

5 Cases for Requiring a Comma Before a Sentence Tag

5 Cases for Requiring a Comma Before a Sentence Tag 5 Cases for Requiring a Comma Before a Sentence Tag 5 Cases for Requiring a Comma Before a Sentence Tag By Mark Nichol A sentence tag is a word or phrase added to the beginning or end of a statement for emphasis or to provide more information. For the following sentences, I discuss the necessity of preceding end-of-sentence tags with a comma. 1. â€Å"I shouldn’t have been surprised really.† Without a comma separating really from the rest of the sentence, the implication is that really is an adverb modifying how the writer should not have been surprised (really, as in factually, and the opposite of allegedly). However, its function is merely to emphasize the point: â€Å"I shouldn’t have been surprised, really.† 2. â€Å"I was in the other room at the time actually.† This sentence indicates that the writer was in the other room in an actual manner, rather than figuratively, but that’s not the literal meaning. The writer has been challenged about his or her location when an incident occurred, and the intent, again, is to emphasize. A comma is required before actually to signal this distinction: â€Å"I was in the other room at the time, actually.† The idea could also be conveyed with actually inserted elsewhere in the sentence (in descending order of elegance): â€Å"Actually, I was in the other room at the time† or â€Å"I was, actually, in the other room at the time† or â€Å"I was in the other room, actually, at the time.† (Note that not all adverbial tags are so flexible about location; try these variations in the first example, and you’ll see that really seems to feel right only as a concluding tag.) 3. â€Å"We did it all right.† This sentence implies that the writer is evaluating a merely competent performance. With a comma inserted before â€Å"all right,† the implication is of emphasis on the fact of the accomplishment: â€Å"We did it, all right.† 4. â€Å"They offered a free pass to boot.† Without a comma preceding â€Å"to boot† (which means â€Å"as a bonus†), the phrase appears to describe an action that is, thanks to the pass, complimentary. The comma signals that â€Å"to boot† is an appendage that idiomatically offers additional information: â€Å"They offered a free pass, to boot.† 5. â€Å"Geology has an impact on biology and vice versa.† As written, this sentence seems to equate biology and vice versa as two things geology has an impact on. But â€Å"vice versa,† meaning â€Å"the opposite,† applies to the entire sentence preceding it, so it must be set off from the sentence: â€Å"Geology has an impact on biology, and vice versa.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†Ã¢â‚¬Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†Supervise vs. Monitor

Mixing Regular and Synthetic Motor Oils

Mixing Regular and Synthetic Motor Oils Heres a practical chemistry question for you: Do you know what happens if you mix regular and synthetic motor oil? Lets say the mechanic put synthetic oil in your car when you got your oil changed. You stop at a gas station and see you are running about a quart low, but all you can get is regular motor oil. Is it alright to use the regular oil or will you risk harming your engine by doing so? Mixing Motor Oil According to Mobil Oil, it should be fine to mix oils. This manufacturer states it would be unlikely anything bad would happen, such as a gel-forming from an interaction of the chemicals (a common fear), because the oils are compatible with each other. Many oils are a blend of natural and synthetic oils. So, if you are low on oil, dont be afraid to add a quart or two of synthetic oil if you are using regular oil or even regular oil if you are using a synthetic. You dont need to rush right out and get an oil change so youll have pure oil. Possible Negative Effects It is not recommended to routinely mix oils because the additives in different products may interact or the oils may become destabilized by the mixture. You may reduce or negate the properties of the additives. You could lose the benefits of the more expensive synthetic oil. So, adding regular oil to your special synthetic oil will mean youll need to get your oil changed sooner than you would have otherwise. If you have a high-performance engine, its possible it will be displeased if the (expensive) additives cant work the way they are supposed to. This may not damage your engine, but it wont help its performance. The Difference Between Regular and Synthetic Oil Both conventional and synthetic motor oils are derived from petroleum, but they can be very different products. Conventional oil is refined from crude oil. It circulates through the engine to keep it cool and prevent wear by acting as a lubricant. It helps prevent corrosion, keeps surfaces clean, and seals the engine. Synthetic oil serves the same purpose, but its tailored for higher temperature and pressure. Synthetic oil is also refined, but then its distilled and purified so that it contains fewer impurities and a smaller, select set of molecules. Synthetic oil also contains additives intended to help keep an engine cleaner and protect it from damage. The main difference between regular and synthetic oil is the temperature at which it undergoes thermal degradation. In a high-performance engine, regular oil is more apt to pick up deposits and form sludge. Cars that run hot do better with synthetic oil. For most automobiles, the only real difference youll see is that synthetic costs more initially but lasts longer between oil changes.

The creative Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The creative Class - Essay Example Indeed it is the cities progress that really drives the country towards the prosperity and economic independence. Moreover any imbalance in the cities progress due to a lose in population or due to a fall in the employment ratio due to brain drain, can to a large extent affect the stability of the country as a whole. As a result of these factors the researchers have propounded the modern theories, to explain the reason for the growth of the country due to the urban development of the cities. This factor has been explained with the help of two different ways which is explained below. (www.cjrs-rcsr.org) What the Firms and Business entities prefer As per the Creative Class Theory it strongly believes that the major business firms that are present in any country will strongly prefer in setting up their establishments in the regions with an urban backdrop, rather than in the rural areas. This is probably due to many reasons that very well include cost of transportation, the concentration of the labor markets, the availability of infrastructure and also the accessibility to the markets. The availability and the accessibility of the customers and the consumers to the products and the services that are rendered, also play a major role in the location of the business firms. The formation of such cities and the result of the urban development could be due to the fact of the combined affect, which is being produced because of knowledge flow and creation of innovative ideas, which result in the development of new products and services. (www.cjrs-rcsr.org) The effect of the Preferences of the people The preference of the people is a very important factor, which goes a long way in the urban development of the cities. The cities serve like agglomerated areas, which help in providing the services as well as a wide variety of goods for the residents and to the visitors. Thus this kind of consumerism results in the growth of the economy, since it helps business to thrive and pr osper. The growth of the industries also results in the increase in the employment opportunities for the people of the cities, which result in the urban development turning them into affluent economies. Thus the city centers serve to be the hub of attraction for the younger generation, who prefer to live a modern and much more fashionable lifestyle. (www.cjrs-rcsr.org) Most of the theories that have been put forward, do give very high importance to the role of the skilled workers and their availability in the development of the urban city areas. This strongly leads to the fact that the human capital plays a very significant role, in the development and the resulting growth of the urban economy. This has been the key factor that very well determines the location of the firms within the areas, which offer good supply of skilled labor. Thus the successive governments of most of the countries worldwide are trying to exploit this factor, to develop their economies and to boost the growth of the nation as a whole. (www.cjrs-rcsr.org) It is to be noted that Florida’s Creative Class Theory has been considered to be an approach that very well serves as a link between these above said two

Hiring friends and relatives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hiring friends and relatives - Assignment Example Knowledge of strengths and weaknesses Finally, more often than not, friends and relatives will reach out to do favors without expecting additional remuneration hence saving on costs (â€Å"The Pros & Cons of Hiring Friends & Relatives par. 1†). On the downside, friends and relatives may be less observant of company rules because of their affiliation to the business owner. Thoughts of impunity may invade their minds and thus create disharmony at the workplace. Finally, the image of the firm may come into sharp disrepute when the friends and relatives aren’t professionals or well qualified. The quality of the output of the firm is compromised at the expense of maintaining relationships (â€Å"The Pros & Cons of Hiring Friends & Relatives par. 2†). A cost-benefits analysis should be done so as to arrive at a conclusion to engage or disengage friends and relatives. From the above argument, it is obvious that they occasion benefits and disadvantages in equal measure. Therefore, only a proper analysis can inform the decision on whether or not to work with

14th Amendment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

14th Amendment - Research Paper Example The 13th Amendment raises some critical questions for the lawmakers, and the 14th Amendment was drafted in order to answer these questions of law. The first question to be dealt was the citizenship of the freed slave; associated to this was whether they have the right to own property like the white. Second critical problem that needed an answer was the treatment of freed slaves by law courts of law. Other problems included treatment of rebels; the loans that were borrowed by the rebellions during the civil war, and the right of rebels to be elected for Congress. The 14th Amendment comprises of 5 sections, they deal with the citizenship, equal protection of law, due process, debt, and power of the Congress to enforce. A brief commentary of the clauses presented in the 14th Amendment along with original is provided as follows. Citizenship by place of birth was not a new law. It has bases in the centuries old English Common Law, and it followed the simple doctrine of jus soli. Until the infamous case of Dred Scott when the Supreme Court abrogated the doctrine, jus soli was a part of American Jurisprudence(Stein & Bauer, 1995). The question of jurisdiction has long been debated especially in the cases of illegal immigrants. The critics have vocalized their concern on the legitimacy of citizenship of the child born to illegal immigrants in America. Another case is of the aliens residing within America, who stay for longer period, and give birth to children in America.

The History Of The Sewing Machine

The History Of The Sewing Machine The art of sewing was invented in the Paleolithic era, where early men used sharp pointed tools called awls to poke holes in pieces of leather and then thread a strip of leather or sinew through the leather to make coverings for cold weather. Then, the idea to make a notch at the end of the awl came about and it allowed the thread to be attached to the awl, this made sewing a lot easier and more efficient.  [1]  Since then, implements for sewing have been tremendously enhanced and refined, but the most significant improvement made to the process of sewing is the invention of the sewing machine. For this essay, I will focus on the introduction and the proliferation of the sewing machine for use in the household in 19th to early 20th century in Europe and America. I will also examine the role that it played in society and the various issues related to the sewing machine in this period of time. History Up to the early and mid 19th century in Europe, sewing was all done by hand, everything from clothing to bed linen and curtains had to be sewn by hand, usually by the women of the family, including girls. It constituted a large part of womens labour in the home. The skills of sewing and embroidery were taught to girls from a young age, and they were expected to be proficient at it. Even girls from rich families which could afford to hire seamstresses were expected to proficient in sewing. The sewing machine was significant enough such that in 1855, the influential and powerful magazine Godeys Ladys Book hailed the sewing machine as the The Queen of Inventions for the time and labour that it would save women.  [2]   The first viable, working sewing machine was invented by French tailor Barthà ©lemy Thimonnier in 1830. By 1841, he has produced eighty machines for use by the French military to sew uniforms. A group of tailors, being fearful of the new technology, broke into the factory and destroyed the machines as they were afraid that the machines would ruin their livelihoods. In 1846, America, a mechanic Elias Howe came up with another design for the sewing machine, using the lockstitch instead of Thimonniers chain stitch method. However, the machine was not well received in America and Howe travelled to England to seek financing for the production for his machine. Upon his return to America, he discovered that the inventors Isaac Singer and Walter Hunter had improved on his design, with a rigid instead of a vibrating arm, similar to the sewing machines that we have today. The machine they made had become a commercial success. After that, many sewing machine companies were set up and many peop le made improvements to the design of the sewing machine. To resolve patent issues, some of these companies came together to form the Sewing Machine Corporation. The next major improvement in the design of sewing machines with Singer Manufacturing Companys introduction of the electricity powered sewing machine.  [3]   Marketing the sewing machine One thing about the sewing machine which I found interesting was the way in which it was marketed and how the marketing of the sewing machine changes as peoples perception of the sewing machine changed. Some of the earliest French advertising material for sewing machines were targeted at men and showed a soldier at the sewing machine. From its introduction until the 1850s, the sewing machine was targeted at men and for industrial use, until it was suggested to Singer Sewing Company that they create a machine for domestic use. Henceforth, the advertising of the sewing machine was targeted at women.  [4]   The marketing strategy was altered to react to the changes of womens view on the increasingly common sewing machine. When the sewing machine was first made available, it was expensive and unaffordable and hence became a status symbol for the wealthier families. The time saved could be used for teaching their children or simply resting. From the 1850s to the 1870s, the sewing machine was also marketed as a piece of furniture, which led to some of the higher end sewing machines coming with cabinet cases that were rather elaborate and fanciful. The sewing machine continued to gain in popularity and by the 1890s, it was common enough for it to lose its association as a status symbol. This led to a change in the perception of the sewing machine. Instead of being something meant to be displayed, it was now a tool that was best hidden from view, even though it was still frequently used. This led to modifications in the new types of machines being introduced, such as the drop head model, whe re the machine could be folded into a table and out of sight after use.  [5]  ,  [6]   Another event that altered the role of the sewing machine was the rise of the ready-to-wear clothing industry in the 1920s. Unlike today, readymade clothing were of better quality but more costly compared to home sewn clothing as they were made by professional dressmakers. At this period of time, the sewing machine was marketed as a money saving tool, allowing women to save some money by sewing their own clothing and look as polished as if they were wearing ready to wear clothing. Advertising from a sewing machine company then claimed that with the help of Greist attachments, the items sewn at home have a finished look instead of a home-made look  [7]   Pioneering new forms of technology An idea in the marketing of the sewing machine which I found worthy of exploration was the idea of hire purchase that began in the 1890s. Clothing manufacturers were unwilling to invest in sewing machines as labour was both cheap and plentiful. Due to the abundance of labour, the wages of the working women were low and their work undervalued.  [8]  The working class women were the group of people that would benefit the most from owning a sewing machine of their own. However, few people from this class of society could afford to buy one, as a sewing machine could cost anywhere from a fifth to half of their yearly income. Owning a sewing machine would allow them to take on more pieces of work and possibly improve their standard of living, making the sewing machine a very attractive piece of equipment. Through the installment plans, women could possibly afford to purchase a machine  [9]  . Though the idea of hire-purchase did not originate from the sewing machine industry, it wa s one of the early pioneers of this method of purchase and the first industry to extend direct credit to the consumer. It was ingenious of the industry to recognize the potential of installment schemes back when such methods of payment were unheard. This is in contrast to todays world where there are hire purchase schemes available for most major purchases. The Sewing Machine and the Industrial Revolution One of the trademarks of the Industrial Revolution was the idea of standardized and interchangeable parts. This process was first utilized by the ammunitions manufacturing industry to produce multiple parts with great precision to produce weapons like muskets. The same level of precision was required in the manufacturing of sewing machines. Isaac Singer saw the potential in this process and his company was one of the first to take advantage of this manufacturing process.  [10]  Production by this method ensured that any two machines of the same type were identical and the quality of the machines remained constant  [11]  . This allowed the sewing machine to be produced on the assembly line, and in turn caused the cost of production to be dramatically decreased, allowing the company to pass the savings on to the consumers. Also, interchangeable parts allowed repairs to be made effortlessly should a part of the machine be broken as the manufacturer could simply send over another piece similar to the one that was broken.  [12]  This made the sewing machine more appealing to the customers especially when coupled together with the decrease in price. The sewing machine was one of the inventions among others that were created during the Industrial Revolution and led to changes in the role that women play in society. The introduction of machines such as the sewing machine, washing machines, refrigerators and vacuum cleaners saved women in the household much time and effort.  [13]  This allowed women to receive more educational opportunities and the ability to become a skilled worker and be engaged in occupations such as teaching or nursing where their labour is of value. Women were no longer tied up in the household carrying out household chores. Conclusion To conclude, I feel that the sewing machine is one of the more significant inventions to be made during the years of the Industrial Revolution. The the study of the sewing machines can help us understand world events and issues that took place during that period of time such as the Industrial Revolution, and the changes in the lives of women. Also, when compared to todays world, the role that the sewing machine plays in the society is vastly different than the role that it played back in the late 1800s. The domestic sewing machine is now something of a novelty. This is just another example to show that as society changes, the needs of the people changes with it. What was regarded as a necessity in the household back then is no longer a necessity today. Beaudry, Mary C. Findings. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. Coffin, Judith G. The Politics of Womens work. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996. Connolly, Marguerite. The Disappearance of the Domestic Sewing Machine, 1890-1925. Winterthur Portfolio, 1999: 31-48. McClellan, James E.,and Dorn, Harold. Science and technology in world history:An Introduction. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2006. Zakreski, Patricia. Representing Female Artistic Labour, 1848-1890. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2006.

Essay --

Gun Control According to â€Å"Capital Punishment, Gun Ownership, and â€Å"Homicide†, it is attempting to answer â€Å"two controversial questions, both related to the problem of interpersonal violence in America.† One of the questions asks if â€Å"the use of the death penalty exert any measurable influence on the rate of homicide in the U.S.?† and the other asks â€Å"what relationship, if any, exists between the level of gun ownership and the level of homicidal violence?† (G. Kleck, 1979) One might ask, â€Å"How do you go about this?† So with that being asked, â€Å"Several issues are examined: (1) the deterrent effect of the death penalty, (2) the relationship between the level of gun ownership and the homicide rate, and (3) the incapacitative effect of imprisonment on the homicide rate.† (G. Kleck, 1979) From my understanding, the appropriate methods were used to support the thesis stated and everything seemed to have made sense. I also believe that the author employed the methods correctly and that there were no errors in the way he conducted the research. Now let’s look to see if the evidence supports ...

Buying decision process for a house Essay

The consumer decision making process involves following five stages – 1. Problem recognition 2. Information search 3. Evaluation of alternatives 4. Purchase decision 5. Post-purchase behavior Problem recognition – With my shifting from India, for the purpose of studies and being with my son and daughter-in-law, and also imminent birth of my grandkid, the present rented apartment of two bed room is likely to be too congested for all of us. This factor along with betterment of my son`s financial affordability to own a house, led us to conclude that we needed a bigger independent, single family house in a good neighborhood. Information search – a. Search for good neighborhood – criteria – towns having good schools in the vicinity of dental business of son. Search based on the opinion of friends and relatives (personal) and online search (commercial). b. Having finalized a few towns, other search criteria for searching appropriate house were used which included size of the house, condition of house and age of the house, and budget, in the selected towns. Again the sources of information were real estate websites, such as Zillow, leading to brokers (one of them was selected based on reviews of his/her services) and independent search. Having failed to locate existing house of our choice, we started looking for another option. c. The next option was constructing a house in a selected locality through a builder contractor. The contractor was again finalized on the basis of online reviews regarding contractor’s quality of construction and fairness in dealings. The contractor suggested a few sites (consideration set). One of them was selected (decision stage) on the basis of location, vastu shashtra, the science of architecture and construction. d. Next stage was selection of type and design of house based on the availability of funds. For funds banks were approached for pre-approval, according to our need. Having decided the budget for the house, contractor’s proposals for few designs and facilities in the proposed house (consideration set) were examined. Evaluation and alternatives – This stage was used three times in the process – 1. When already constructed houses were considered, evaluations of different houses shown by the agent led to rejection of all the proposals. 2. Evaluation of various sites, led to selection of one of the sites based on vastu shashtra (beliefs) and location. 3. Evaluation of various designs proposed by the builder contractor, led to selection of a design depending on our budget, facilities, and requirements/expectations. Purchase decision – The final selection (purchase decision) was made on the factors listed above as well as on the opinion of the family, through joint consultations. Bank loan approvals, on the basis of design, estimate submitted by the contractor and credit history of the borrower, were obtained. The contractor started construction with necessary inputs from us from time to time as the construction progressed. Post-purchase use – We are delighted at the pace of construction, timely completion and quality. We recommend the contractor to our friends. The various stages of purchase decisions were used in various sub-purchases, such as kitchen appliances, kitchen cabinets and countertops, electric fixtures, tiles and carpets, sprinkler system, etc.

Examine Nietzsche?S Statement in the Birth of Tragedy That It Is Only as an „Aesthetic Phenomenon? That Existence Can Be „Justified? to Eternity.

Examine Nietzsche’s statement in The Birth of Tragedy that it is only as an ‘Aesthetic Phenomenon’ that existence can be ‘justified’ to eternity. According to the qualities of ‘eternity’ and ‘existence’ that Nietzsche and Schopenhauer prescribe; it is by definition that something can only be justified in the phenomenal world: the world of ‘existence’. Although this statement describes existence justifying itself to eternity, The Birth of Tragedy tends to illustrate the inverse: eternity justifying itself appearing through existence. However the movement between the states of the ‘physical’ and ‘virtual’ is not directional in the empirically spatiotemporal manner that Schopenhauer takes on. Unlike transcendentalist ideas, what Nietzsche depicts is an apparent duality born in the fusion of the minds twofold reality that has knowledge and perception only of existence. Aesthetic phenomenon offers us â€Å"delight in semblance† and simultaneously offers a greater, metaphysical delight in â€Å"the destruction of the visible world of semblance† (BT: 24). The requirement that a phenomenon must be ‘aesthetic’ is universal in the sense that there is no requirement as to what an ‘aesthetic’ thing is. Supposedly it can be anything phenomenal â€Å"even the ugly and disharmonious is an artistic game which the will, in the eternal fullness of its delight, plays with itself. † (BT:24) Clearly there are degrees of ‘aesthetic’ quality that render more delight, but the delight is equally achievable in the interpretation as it is in the ‘phenomenon’ that is acting as a trigger. Maybe it is more appropriately imagined that ‘eternity’ justifies itself in the phenomenal: because the ‘justification’ takes place when an object awakens a sense of the ‘eternal’, so it is really a matter of seduction, and how effectively this ‘aesthetic phenomenon’ allows the noumenal to thrust itself upon the perceiver. But to say that this takes place wholly on account of how ‘aesthetic’ the phenomenon is, would be to ignore how easily the perceiver is seduced, or how he perceives all together. It is clear that different people find beauty in different things. It is also clear that some may find beauty in nothing, as with meditation. But that brings into question whether we can really have a ‘nothing’ in human experience, for even the most isolated and detached human experience cannot be fully impartial to the world of experience. The point however; is that although ‘aesthetic phenomenon’ is a necessity; it is the openness and imagination of the perceiver that allows the object to justify existence to the eternal. For beauty can exist in everything, but only on occasion do we see beauty to such high intensity that it awakens a recognisable feeling of the ‘eternal’. For Nietzsche, art is a more powerful form of ‘aesthetic phenomenon’, than naturally occurring beauty; the human is more familiar with art, often because it relates more to qualities in the realm of human experience, be it situational or emotional. This familiarity lures the perceiver into a greater degree of belief, acting as a catalyst to the erosion of self identity, as they more easily forget the self, and become overwhelmed by the ‘will’. Nietzsche places ‘attic tragedy’ at the peak of this process, as he mentions the audience become the play, and the combination of two separate art forms allows the birth of a new less physically obsessed, and more enchanting work of art. The degree, to which the audience can recreate the moment that the artist felt in creating the piece, depends partly on the artist’s ability to transfigure the feeling into an ‘aesthetic phenomenon’, but also on the audience’s ability to empathise (hence humanistic art is more effective). This ‘empathy’ or ‘mitleiden’, requires the demolition of the concept of the ‘individual’ and the rise of the innate primordial unity, in order for this eternal intensity, that Schopenhauer, quite carelessly called the ‘will’, to overtake. It is because art is a reproduction of the eternal in a phenomenal form that Nietzsche believes â€Å"we are far from truly being the creators of that world of art† (BT:5), the artist is merely the mediator of the eternal, who engages in procreation. The world that art ‘represents’ itself in is impartial to the world it came from. The description of the divine impregnating the humanly to beget a great ‘art’ generates a dualistic concept, that implies a transcendence from the noumenal into the phenomenal: â€Å"the continuous evolution of art is bound up with the duality of the Apolline and the Dionysiac in much the same way as reproduction depends on there being two sexes†(BT:1) whereas a sexual co-existence involves two opposites, that are of the same substance, Nietzsche is presenting a relation with the being and the immortal. But it seems he places this sense of superiority not in the aspects themselves, rather due to the difficulty of escaping worldly attributes and the natural inclination to view what is beyond us as greater than what we are or possess. He compares our awareness of our artistic significance to that â€Å"which painted soldiers have of the battle depicted on the same canvas† (BT:5) reiterating the impossibility of viewing artistic creation from both angles as player and spectator alike. Within the realm of existence, aesthetic delight serves the purpose of awakening that dormant innocence which provides openness to the primal spirit. This instinct put to sleep by our ‘view’ of the world that quantifies things; a cognition we naturally take on, as the phenomenal world becomes more apparent and through childhood we develop a new paradigm that becomes less aware of the qualitative. This becoming of the individual is characterised by experience, and traded with innocence. For Nietzsche ‘Aesthetic phenomenon’ is necessary to create delight which awakens our dormant self, by detaching us from our conscious understanding, and giving way to a higher delight. Nietzsche describes this battle between the innocent and experienced lenses as a trend not only in the life of the individual but also in culture and its cultivation. The cryptic relationship between Apollo and Dionysus parallels the trend in most cultures to become more like Apollo, and forget their wilder innate counterpart whose characteristics are often mistaken for hedonism. Eruptions of the Dionysian culture are evident in the Romantic period and during the ‘free love’ period in the 1960’s, both characterised by the use of drugs to liberate one from the sense of identity. These periods, unlike the Greek period, remained movements rather than revolutions, as the use of drugs, unlike the use of art was damaging to the economical requirement for a revolution. The Dionysiac’s disregard for conventional barriers, such as the sexual, arise from the ability to be intimate and empathise with any being more than the Apollonian can hope to achieve with even one. This is due to the Apollonian’s failure to ‘empathise’ as Schopenhauer would say, because they are too enthralled with the manifest of their ‘will’ in its represented form to see that the ‘will’ is universal; â€Å"whenever this breakdown of the principium individuationis occurs, we catch a glimpse of the essence of the Dionysiac† (BT:1) one who has no sense of self. Nietzsche’s vision of Dionysian art resolves the question Aristotle asks about the ‘tragic effect’: â€Å"Why is it that we voluntarily subject ourselves to depictions of the terrible in life? Schopenhauer called ‘tragedy’ the highest art form in which we surrender to the ‘feeling of the sublime’. As Nietzsche describes, our horror is replaced by a ‘metaphysical comfort’ where the terrible dissolves our vision of beauty in the Apollonian form; that is designed to protect us and secure our drive to live, this à ¢â‚¬Ëœveil of Maya’ is removed and â€Å"We really are for a brief moment, the primordial being itself†. It is because our Apollonian view of the world cannot remove its inherent characteristics, that the sublime is regarded by Schopenhauer as higher than beauty, and why for Nietzsche, the Dionysian aspect is more fundamental. Islamic Poet Khalil Gibran explains â€Å"The veil that clouds your eyes shall be lifted by the hands that wove it,† these idea raise the question as to whether ‘Aesthetic Phenomenon’ is justifying the world to eternity, or revealing eternity to the world, as ‘Aesthetic Delight’ propels the interpreter, detaching him from the phenomenal. Nietzsche; contra Schopenhauer, believes that the ‘terrible’ is not single handedly a higher form of art, as the Apolline realm is needed as the vehicle that humans understand, to transit one into the eternal. Hence for Nietzsche, ‘attic tragedy’ is the supreme art form that allows the Dionysian to impregnate the Apollonian; traversing the line between intoxication and dream, and being reborn in the world of the individual. Unlike music, which is a ‘mirror’ image of the Dionysian, a direct reflection from one world into the other, tragedy captivates the audience with Apollonian dreamlike images, through which the Dionysian chorus â€Å"Discharges itself†, dissolving the apparent dichotomy from a world of semblance, and unleashing the eternal. For Nietzsche the duality between Dionysus and Apollo is only a psychological one and his liking to the dominant organic notion of the Dionysian in The Birth of Tragedy is possibly a result of his youth, and desire to escape the overly Apollonian culture he endured and despised. Heidegger offers an interpretation of Nietzsche’s use of the word ‘Chaos’ that differs to those non-Greek translations whose etymology of the term, reduce it to words like ‘primordial’ that do not capture the meaning which echoed in its use in mythic tradition. Heidegger’s classical reading of the word imbues an idea of â€Å"that which yawns, the gaping out of itself. Applied to Nietzsche’s aesthetics, this would trivialise the role of the phenomenal which essentially repeats itself through time, in waves, a result of procreation that facilitates the reversal into the non-human, which is simultaneously the same effect as the eternal ‘gaping out of itselfà ¢â‚¬â„¢. The two dimensional effect is really of the same thing, and for Nietzsche has no direction or duration in the empirical senses of space and time; a concept better felt than imagined due to our impartiality, hence the difficulty Nietzsche mentions in describing notions such as the ‘eternal return’. To what extent then, does Nietzsche see the Dionysian and the eternal as relevant to one another, and separate from the Apollonian and phenomenal? If aesthetic delight leads the path from the phenomenal to the noumenal then at what point and to what degree do these dualistic entities that fit that divide the ‘physical’ from the ‘virtual’ relate to each other as properties? Nietzsche claims that attic tragedy is the art form which bonds the Dionysian with the Apollonian, the unison of opposition. He also differs from Kant and Schopenhauer on the nature of the duality between the noumenal and phenomenal, somewhat paradoxically, he accepts the superficial claim, but when digging into the root of the two spheres, becomes constrained by the possibility of analysing such a void, as Paul de Man claims; the reader is â€Å"condemned† to an â€Å"apparently endless process of deconstruction† . This assessment is unfair on Nietzsche’s attempt to find a ‘good’ answer and thus sacrificing a degree of clarity that is expected in describing something that language cannot describe: â€Å"language, as the organ and symbol of phenomena, can never, under any circumstances, externalize the innermost depths of music†¦ the heart of the primordial unity,† (BT:5) his passage summarises the futility of all phenomena in relating to the eternal, but the need for phenomena to create art as a birth giver to the eternal, whereby language is a weaker tool than music and tragic myth. In The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche constantly reiterates the predominant nature of the Dionysiac that â€Å"shows itself, in comparison with the Apolline, to be the eternal and original power† (BT:25). Although not entirely in keeping with Kant and Schopenhauer’s duality, he still bastardises the Apollonian state, highlighting the separateness of the two art forms. This must mean that there is a significant point where the border between states is crossed, in order to form the attic tragedy, and similarly must mean there is a point where the justification of the world to the eternal takes place. But Nietzsche offers no explanation, possibly because these dualities are only a manifestation, that grows as naivety is replaced by experience, and the dream state that verges on the state of intoxication succumbs to a newer ‘physical’ reality. But Nietzsche holds that these two artistic domains are â€Å"required to unfold their energies in strict, reciprocal proportion† so that one can only be â€Å"permitted to enter an individual’s consciousness as can be overcome, in its turn, by the [other]† (BT:25), if such is the case, then either Nietzsche believes these drives truly are the essence of a strict duality, or that they are too rigidly lain into the mindset to be abstracted from and comprehended as a whole. However, if the latter is the case, then the justification of the world to eternity is a human matter, a question of interpretation, where being superhuman is being eternal, and ‘aesthetic phenomenon’ plays no role. In later writings such as Thus Spoke Zarathustra he begins to point in this direction: â€Å"the human is something that must be overcome†, for existence is to some degree a sense understood by the being, but if one can go beyond the being, then one can go beyond world that requires justifying to eternity. His notion of ‘eternal return’ which suggests that the world repeats itself is more ambiguous on the nature of eternity and its relation to the phenomenal . Contra Schopenhauer; Nietzsche’s spatiotemporal relation to the world is not one of distance in space, or places in time, rather one of duration, where the movement between the ‘physical and ‘virtual’ reality is unmeasured, and possibly non-existent as the removal of these relations change the way in which existence and the eternal can relate to one another. Walter Arnold Kaufmann asserts that Nietzsche’s conception of the ‘will to power’ is â€Å"perhaps just as much the heir of Apollo as it is that of Dionysus† ; his suggestion for a monist interpretation comes from Nietzsche’s idea that â€Å"quantitative degrees of power might be the measure of value†. Clearly Nietzsche in The Birth of Tragedy is unsure or unfinished on the nature of the duality between existence and the eternal, and where its root ends. But certainly, the matter of existence being justified to eternity is a matter of being itself, and the reception of the eternal is integral, where the ‘aesthetic phenomenon’ is just the key. The impartiality of the consciousness with the eternal requires such a key to open this door, but evidently there is a degree to which the mind can feel the eternal, and to say that only an ‘aesthetic phenomenon’ can achieve this is to say that the door can only be opened from one side. Bibliography Pg153: Nietzsche's philosophy of science: reflecting science on the ground of art and life – Babette E. Babich Pg 295 Nietzsche Knows no Noumenon – David B. Allison Pg199 Nietzsche, philosopher, psychologist, antichrist- Walter Arnold Kaufmann The Eternal Return of the Overhuman: The Weightiest Knowledge and the Abyss of Light. Journal of Nietzsche Studies 30 (1):1-21. – Keith Ansell-Pearson. Pg 39 The Prophet- Kahlil Gibran The Birth of Tragedy- Friedrich Nietzsche (Cambridge texts)