John Steinbecks East of Eden - Catherine as Monster :: East Eden Essays

Catherine as Monster in East of Eden In the novel, East of Eden by John Steinbeck, Catherine Ames is one of the main characters. She is introduced to the reader as a monster and as time goes on, she possesses both monster like and animal qualities. As Catherine she gets older and wiser, she gets more evil and displays her monster and animal like characteristics. She knows she is powerful and indestructible. She has manipulated and tricked many people her life causing them to go to the extreme... death. Catherine "Cathy" shows her evilness and her monster like behavior in many scenes throughout the book. Steinbeck illustrates Cathy as being a monster: "I believe there are monsters born in the world... It is my belief that Cathy Ames was born with the tendencies, or lack of them, which drove and forced her all of her life," (Steinbeck, 95-96). Cathy used this to her advantage by making people uneasy, but not so uneasy that they would not run away from her. Cathy was born with an innocent look that fooled many; she had golden blond hair, hazel eyes, a thin and delicate nose, and a small chin to make her face look heart shaped. According to the town Cathy lived, Cathy had a scent of sweetness, but that is just what Cathy wanted the town to see and think when Cathy planned her kill. "The fire broke out... the Ames house went up like a rocket†¦ Enough remained of Mr. and Mrs. Ames to make sure there were two bodies" (114-115). Cathy had set the house on fire and broke into the safe to steal the family's money. As the investigators scoped the place, they noticed that the bolts stuck out and there were no keys left in the locks. They knew it was not an accident. Cathy's body was never found, but the town assumed that she died. "If it had not been for Cathy's murder, the fire and robbery might have been a coincidence." Steinbeck, again, portrays the reader that Cathy is a monster: "When I said Cathy was a monster it seemed to me that it was so"(242). Steinbeck is reassuring the reader that Cathy is a monster and with the evidence before and after this statement. For example, Cathy later changes her name to Kate and runs a whorehouse.

Dennis v. United States, 341 U.S. 494 (1951) :: essays research papers

Facts: The petitioners, the leaders of the Communist Political Association (CPA), reorganized the Association into the Communist Party through changing its policies of peaceful cooperation with the United States and its economic and political structure to into the Marxist-Leninist doctrine of the Communist Party. The Communist Party set itself apart from other political parties by disregarding the normal process of change set forth by the constitution. From the literature, statements, and activities of the petitioners, the Communist Party leaders, it is clear that their goal was to achieve a successful overthrow of the government of the United States through the use of force and violence. Procedural History: Petitioners, leaders of the Communist Party, were convicted of violation of sec. 2 and 3 of the Smith Act due to the fact that the pretrial motion to stop the indictment on the grounds that the statute was unconstitutional was denied. The Court of Appeals upheld the conviction, and the defendants once again appeal the verdict. A writ of limited certiorari was granted by the Supreme Court. Issues: 1.)Are sec. 2 and 3 of the Smith Act violates the First Amendment and other provisions of the Bill of Rights? 2.)Are the rights to advocate the overthrow of the government protected by the First and Fifth Amendments? Holdings: The convictions are affirmed because the court ruled that the Smith Act was constitutional and that the governments’ right to self-preservation at times overrules the rights granted by the Bill of Rights. Analysis of Majority Opinion: Shenck vs. United States 249 U.S. 47 (1919) created the precedent allowing for the right of freedom of speech to be violated when there is a â€Å"clear and present danger† to the government. The petitioners clearly intended to overthrow the government because they advocated this action. This is important because it passes one of the major tests of justice in America, intent. It is understandable for the government to put forth its best efforts to protect itself from rebellion making the Smith Act entirely reasonable. Analysis of Concurring Opinion- Frankfurter: The individual is not the only one who as the right to self-preservation, the government shares this right as well as it is shown through the Smith Act. Whereas the individual has a right to self-preservation, the government as well shares this right, and it is manifested in the Smith Act. Also, the Constitution does not entirely guarantee the freedom of speech which was set forth in the early years of the Constitution to prove this.

Food production Essay

There are staggering numbers of people all over the world who experience hunger. Many people believe that hunger is caused by the insufficient supply of food. More importantly, it is assumed that due to the large population of the world, an inadequate amount of food is produced. However, this is a completely false assumption for as Robbins said, â€Å"There is enough food in the world to feed 120 percent of the world’s population on a vegetarian diet. † (Robbins, p. 178) This fact then brings about the question, if there is enough food, then why do so many people go hungry? The answer lies in the economics of food production. Food is now a capitalist commodity. Therefore, the production of food must be seen as the production of any other market commodity. Food production is not driven by global need, it is driven by market demand. As Robbins mentioned, â€Å"Food production is not determined necessarily by the global need for food; it is determined by the market for food. † (Robbins, p. 186) Looking at food production from this perspective will reveal the factors that affect the production of food. The market for food refers to the number of people that have the means to buy and pay for food. However, since a large segment of the population lives in poverty, there are very few people who can afford food. Since it is demand that determines the amount of food to be produced, the lower demand translates to lesser food production. Producers do not want to produce at a maximum level because it will mean an over-production. This will result to lower prices and ultimately lower productivity. Another factor that affects food production is the fact that farmers tend to use land to produce non food crops such as tobacco and corn as well as for crops that are marginally nutritious. (Robbins, p 186) The choice of what crops to plant relies on what the market demands. For instance, farmers tend to prioritize planting coffee for there is a large global demand for this. Coffee produced in agricultural countries in Africa is not necessarily for local consumption; it is produced because the more affluent nations demand it. Farmers consider the profitability of producing certain crops and coffee production is considered to be more profitable than vegetable production. Another example is soy bean. Soy bean is not as nutritious as vegetables. However, since there is a market for this crop in the more developed countries, farmers tend to plant this rather than vegetables. A more concrete and evident example of how market demand drives food production is the production of beef. Robbins discussed why Mexican farmers tend to concentrate on beef production. â€Å"People in Mexico go hungry because land is devoted to the production of beef, which few Mexicans can afford, but which brings high prices in the United States. † (Robbins, p. 186) The rationale behind this is that food production is driven by the demands of the markets that have the money to buy food. There is no question that there is enough food to feed the world. Hunger cannot be attributed to the inadequate amount of food. Hunger is a result of an economic problem. Lack of food on the plate is a result of the lack of money to buy food. Food production is no longer determined by the need for it by everyone. It is driven by what people who have the means to buy food demand and want. Food has become a commodity rather than a necessity. The solution of the problem of hunger lies not in production but in distribution. As Robbins (p. 187) said, â€Å"Rather than seeing hunger or famine as a failure of production, we can focus on a failure of distribution†¦ The goal is simply to establish, reestablish, or protect entitlements, the legitimate claim to food. † Reference: Robbins, R. (2007). Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. pp 177-187.

How Thesis Statements Work In Your Writing

Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily life. You persuade your roommate to clean up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to vote for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course assignments often ask you to make a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your reader of your point of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic argument, follows a predictable pattern in writing.After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in one sentence. This sentence is the thesis statement, and it serves as a summary of the argument you’ll make in the rest of your paper. WHAT IS A THESIS STATEMENT? A thesis statement: tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discuss ion. is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper. directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself.The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel. makes a claim that others might dispute. is usually a single sentence somewhere in your first paragraph that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation. If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you may need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft.The assignment may not explicitly state that you need a thesis statement because your instructor may assume you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. (Check out our handout on understanding assignments for more information. ) HOW DO I GET A THESIS?A thesis is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a â€Å"working thesis,† a basic or main idea, an argument that you think you can support with evidence but that may need adjustment along the way.Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or comprehend the broader significance of a topic and arrive at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming. HOW DO I KNOW IF MY THESIS IS STRONG? If there’s time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some feedback. Even if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the following: Do I answer the question?Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument that misses the focus of the question. Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, it’s possible that you are simply providing a summary, rather than making an argument. Is my the sis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesis contains words like â€Å"good† or â€Å"successful,† see if you could be more specific: why is something â€Å"good†; what specifically makes something â€Å"successful†?Does my thesis pass the â€Å"So what? † test? If a reader’s first response is, â€Å"So what? † then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue. Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. It’s o. k. to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of writing your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing as necessary. Does my thesis pass the â€Å"how and why? † test?If a reader’s first response is â€Å"how? † or â₠¬Å"why? † your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the reader a better take on your position right from the beginning. EXAMPLES Suppose you are taking a course on 19th-century America, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: Compare and contrast the reasons why the North and South fought the Civil War. You turn on the computer and type out the following: The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the same and some different.This weak thesis restates the question without providing any additional information. You will expand on this new information in the body of the essay, but it is important that the reader know where you are heading. A reader of this weak thesis might think, â€Å"What reasons? How are they the same? How are they different? † Ask yourself these same questions and begin to compare Northern and Southern attitudes (perhaps you first think, †Å"The South believed slavery was right, and the North thought slavery was wrong†).Now, push your comparison toward an interpretation—why did one side think slavery was right and the other side think it was wrong? You look again at the evidence, and you decide that you are going to argue that the North believed slavery was immoral while the South believed it upheld the Southern way of life. You write: While both sides fought the Civil War over the issue of slavery, the North fought for moral reasons while the South fought to preserve its own institutions. Now you have a working thesis!Included in this working thesis is a reason for the war and some idea of how the two sides disagreed over this reason. As you write the essay, you will probably begin to characterize these differences more precisely, and your working thesis may start to seem too vague. Maybe you decide that both sides fought for moral reasons, and that they just focused on different moral issues. You end up revising the working thesis into a final thesis that really captures the argument in your paper: While both Northerners and Southerners believed they fought against tyranny  and oppression, Northerners focused on the oppression of slaves while Southerners defended their own right to self-government.Compare this to the original weak thesis. This final thesis presents a way of interpreting evidence that illuminates the significance of the question. Keep in mind that this is one of many possible interpretations of the Civil War—it is not the one and only right answer to the question. There isn’t one right answer; there are only strong and weak thesis statements and strong and weak uses of evidence. Let’s look at another example.Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn. â€Å"This will be easy,† you think. â€Å"I lo ved Huckleberry Finn! † You grab a pad of paper and write: Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel. Why is this thesis weak? Think about what the reader would expect from the essay that follows: you will most likely provide a general, appreciative summary of Twain’s novel. The question did not ask you to summarize; it asked you to analyze.Your professor is probably not interested in your opinion of the novel; instead, she wants you to think about whyit’s such a great novel—what do Huck’s adventures tell us about life, about America, about coming of age, about race relations, etc.? First, the question asks you to pick an aspect of the novel that you think is important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write: In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on t he river and life on the shore.Here’s a working thesis with potential: you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation; however, it’s still not clear what your analysis will reveal. Your reader is intrigued, but is still thinking, â€Å"So what? What’s the point of this contrast? What does it signify? † Perhaps you are not sure yet, either. That’s fine—begin to work on comparing scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Huck’s actions and reactions. Eventually you will be able to clarify for yourself, and then for the reader, why this contrast matters.After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write: Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave â€Å"civilized† society and go back to nature. This final thesis statement p resents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

Culture diversity Essay

Individual Final Assignment- What information about diversity in the United States has helped you better understand or relate to others in ways that you may not have in the past? Have you learned something new about your own racial, ethnic, or cultural history? Trends in immigration will continue to shape the demographics of the United States. What will the U.S. population look like in the year 2050? Why do you think so? What challenges does the United States face due to the diversity of its people? What are the benefits of such a diverse society? How can we foster a climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism in the United States? In what ways do the media perpetuate stereotyping and prejudice? Provide examples to support your assertion. In what ways do the media help foster appreciation for diversity? Provide examples to support your assertion. How might individuals and the United States work together to reduce prejudice and increase appreciation for diversity? How might you change your own behaviors to be more inclusive and pluralistic? Diversity in the United States Studying Cultural Diversity has opened my eyes to the information dealing with the many issues in today’s society. I never paid attention to diversity in the United States before I took this class I was well aware of the issues in my society but this class made me understand why it is happening and where it all started. It taught me that different racial and ethnic groups have unique cultural traditions which make them who they are. The United States is very diverse. The term diversity is used to refer to the many demographic variables, including race, religion, color, gender, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, age and education. America’s diversity has given this country its unique strength, resilience and richness. The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. The United States census identifies six ethnic and racial categories: White American, American Indian and Alaska native, Asia, African American, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander. It also included Hispanic or Latino American Being the largest minority group in the nation. White Americans are the racial majority in the nation. I am an African American Woman. I am very familiar with my culture and background history. Studying diversity this semester has opened my eyes to the values of my cultures also showing me how hard people fought for the rights of my peoples. I am aware that civil rights activists fought for my rights not only as an African American but because I am a woman as too. There were many civil rights movement and acts that fought against discrimination against minority groups. African Americans make up the largest subgroups and are descendants of Africans who were transported to the United States in the mid-1600 during the slave trades. Before the 1600’s this id no record of African Americans. African Americans have a hard time with ancestral background because slave owners did not keep up with the records of their slaves. Most African Americans resided in the southeastern and south central states. The diversity in the United States today have made it more difficult for many people to place themselves on the racial and ethnical landscape. The racial and ethnical landscape is constructed to out socially and not naturally. This is what causes the landscape to be subject to change and different interpretation. There is an increasing change in the respect for biracial identity and multiracial identity groups. In history mixed races were considered to be taboo and unheard of. In today’s society you see more biracial couples and children. This shows that there is some acceptance in diversity. The labels names for subordinate have evolved American Indians to Native Americans to native people or Negros to Blacks to African Americans. I have learned that the various issues in which our nation faces dealing with prejudice, discrimination and stereotypes which leads to the issues concerning hates crimes. The United States population is expected to increase by the year 2050. According to the United States Census Bureau projections the portions of the resident of the United States who are white and non-Hispanic will decrease significantly by the year 2015. The minority status is not about numbers there is no denying that the White American majority is diminishing in size relatively to the growing diversity of racial and ethnic groups. Over the next couple of decades the United States population is expected to increase rapidly in its older population and a large increase in racial and ethnic  diversity. Although the expected increase in the population the white population is expected to decrease due to the diversity and the increase in multiracial identity groups. Diversity comes in all forms. In today’s workplace technology is rapidly growing and experiencing rapid changing the ways of living. Businesses are working on an international level dealing with different race, religion, ethnics, age and gender. It is important the company owners to understand the true meaning of diversity when managing an increasingly growing diverse group of people. Simple misunderstandings can arise from basic cultural differences, communication style, or work attitudes. These misunderstandings can create challenges. Gender communication issues can range from communication styles and perception, opportunities and can even cause sexual harassment. Racism is the belief that these inherited characteristics can affect the individual’s abilities or behaviors. The concepts of diversity are practiced world-wide by people and organizations. When an organization has a group that belongs to a diverse group it demonstrates organization and celebrates the diversity that exists in people of different backgrounds. It promotes humanistic values. Active persuasion of diversity in the workplace directly impacts productivity and profitability of the organization as well as its employees. Promoting diversity reduces absenteeism rates, lower employee turnovers and reduces legal responsibility of discrimination lawsuits. Being able to understand different identity groups will improve the work stability with each other. If this is practice then cultures will have no problem working with each other. We can foster a climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism in the United States by being civil and tolerant. Being respectable to one another and treating each other equally. If we can practice living in a community with other identity groups we will establish a well-defined multi-cultural group. Media perpetuates stereotyping and prejudice in ways of being bias to one side than the other. Media stereotypes are inevitable especially in advertising, entertainment and news industries. Stereotypes are a signal or  clue that acts like a code that gives the audience an understanding of the person or a group. When you see things advertised on television it gives you a perception of what they are promoting. Thing that are viewed on television are our biggest influence. For example a child watches something violent on TV then goes to school and acts out in violence. This is a good example to show how much television and the media influences our society. The Media helps foster appreciation for diversity by promoting the differences between different identity groups. The media has a powerful influence on people’s attitudes and perceptions. The media encourages the tolerance of diversity constructing national identity. Prejudice is the attitude that rejects an entire group. People working together to eliminate prejudice and discrimination requires people to accept others. They would need to exploit the fear of being threatened and eliminate the need to blame others for their own failures. People should practice person-centered thinking which would allow them to overlook the differences with other identity group and accepting as equal. Practicing this will allow people to be able to work comfortably with others. The most influenced points are in education, ass media, intergroup contact and workplace training programs. If we can control what is being taught in school to prevent crime and reduce discrimination we could reduce the crime level due to racist acts. We could also be careful what is being presented on television which influences their viewers. I have always been familiar with the problems and issues that have been presented in this course. I have never had a problem working with other identity groups. Although I have had my own personal views to favoritism in the workplace and other industries I understand that diversity is mindful that racial and ethnic labels are just labels and no race is considered a pure race. People based their lives on what makes someone different from them. Plan on practicing more on finding what makes us alike rather than what makes us different.

Playboy of the Western World

The Playboy of the Western World gains its title from the scene in which Christy can't be beaten in play at any of the village sports, hence he becomes the â€Å"playboy. † The phrase â€Å"of the Western World† leads the way into Synge's theme of Irish mythmaking, then still especially noticeable in unsophisticated peasant groups. With the inclusion of this phrase, the myth of the playboy encompasses the whole world. Mythmaking deviates from reality, as is made clear by the stretch of the title: Irish village game championship can't possibly trump an entire world of athletes. Synge isn't discussing a universal theme but rather exposing a particularly Irish theme, that of mythmaking. The play opened in January of 1907 at Yeats's Irish Literary Theatre to outraged indignation and riots but over the course of the twentieth century has gained ever greater currency among critics. Had Yeats not held a public debate on the concept of artistic freedom, The Playboy may have died an ignoble death. As it happens, though, the play has by later critics been called â€Å"the most rich and copious store of character since Shakespeare’’ (P. P. Howe) and a play â€Å"riotous with the quick rush of life, a tempest of the passions† (Charles A. Bennett). These seem to be the reasons that The Playboy of the Western World has current appeal. Whereas original audiences cared about morality and decorous representations of peoples and countries, the increasing and ever increasing reach for realism, ethnic diversity and authentic representations has brought The Playboy into vogue because it was the avant garde and the precursor of what is presently valued and sought after: unveiled realism. Incidentally, one might argue that this unveiled realism, which is the idol of the present milieu, has been carried so far that â€Å"realism† is now a fancy in that it is a reality beyond reality and that it carries such clout that it is creating new reality (of questionable benefit) in its wake, which is a divergent reality from the realism that Synge depicted after living with, studying and capturing in three acts the cultural and psychological realities on the Aran Islands, from which he derived The Playboy of the Western World.

Machine shack management system Essay

Options – This will take you to the options menu where additional features of the system will be shown. Stock Table Menu The Stock Table Menu has options relating to the stock table.   Add Record – This will take you to a screen where you can add records to you database.   View Edit Delete – This will take you to a screen where you can view the records using the up and down keys as well as let you delete or edit records.   Search Record – This will take you to a screen where you can search for records, once found it will display the record. Items Needing Reordering – This will take you to a screen which will display only the items which need reordering.   Back to Main Menu – This will take you back to the main menu. Sales Table Menu The Sales Table Menu has options relating to the stock table.   View or Delete Sale – This will take you to a screen where you can view all the sales and delete sales, using the down key to scroll through records and the ‘d’ key to delete sales.   Search Record – This will take you to a screen where you can search for Sales records, once found it will display the record.   Return Item – This allow you to return an Item which has been sold. Back to Main Menu – This will take you back to the main menu. 2. 7 Data Capture 2. 7. 1 Input Forms and Output Forms Add Record Add record will bring up the form used to add items to the stock table. The add record form will look like the illustration below: View, Amend and Delete a Record This Form will be used to view, amend and delete records, you simply use the up and down keys to scroll available records, if you would like to delete a record you press ‘d’ and it will be deleted or if you would like to amend a record you press the ‘e’ key and it will ask you which part of the record you want to amend. Search Records for sales and stock. This feature will be used to search through the database to find a specific record, it will work by asking for a item code, then searching for the item code, using an IF statement in a loop to compare ever item code with the entered value until the record is found, else if it reaches the end of the file and has not found any matching record it will display a message saying ‘record not found’. View Items which Need reordering Here items will be compared that are available in stock with the minimum stock level, if the values are the same or the value of items available is smaller then that record will show up in this output form. View or Delete Sales Record Here you can view all sales that have taken place using the up and down keys, to delete a sale you simply press the ‘d’ key and that record will be deleted. Return Item from Sales Record Here you scroll down to the sale which you want to take back and it will delete the record and if the item is still in good condition it will add it back to the stock table. Check Out The Check out is the main form used and the most complex which uses the most types of file manipulation. Here you enter Items the customer wants, it will then calculate a total for the customer and print a receipt. It will also subtract items sold from the stock table and put them into the sales table. When entering items it will display the description of the item to validate if the code it correct. 2. 8 Sample of planned data validation An Example of where I will use data validation can be taken from when you will enter an Item Code, in the add stock form, when you enter a code, the system will check the entire stock table to see if that Item Code exist if it does you will be given an error message. 2. 9 Description of record or database structure. The Database structure is mainly two files one which holds the stock details â€Å"Stock. dat† and the other which holds the Sales information â€Å"Sales. dat†, the structure and formats of these files can be found in the â€Å"Definition of data requirements† section. Details can be added to the stock file through the stock options. The Check Out will read items codes display the Name and Price of the items, you enter into it and calculate a total. Then it will subtract the items from the stock table and add them to the sales table. 2. 10 Sample of Planned data entry. An example of data entered into the add stock form. 2. 11 Sample of planned valid output An Example of Data output in the View Edit Delete Stock Form. 2. 12 File Organisation and Processing The file organisation used in the database will be a serial organisations, so when a record is added to a file it will add it to the end of the file. Searches will be preformed using a serial search, basically it will go through each record using a repeat loop and an if statement will be used to check for valid results. 2. 13 Database design including E-R Model. There are be 2 main entities in this system, a one to many relationship 2. 14 Security and Integrity of Data Firstly physical access to the computer will be pretty hard since, the end user will always be at the shop, when it is open, and the shop is locked when it is closed. The data that will be stored in this database is just mainly data about stock and sales so methods like encryption are a little too extreme. The data stored in files can really only be made sense out of if read by the database, opening them up using a text editor like notepad will give, just you lots of jumbled data. Integrity of the data will be mainly maintained by the validation rules present in the database, another way integrity is maintained is most of the complex procedures have been simplified to entering minimal data, for example entering an item into the check out just required the item code, which after entering displays the name to further make sure it is the correct information entered. 2. 15 System Security A number of steps will been taken to ensure that the system is secure and maintains the integrity of data. For security purposes the system will have a password at the start up, this will prevent unauthorised access to the system, the password and system will automatically activate at computer start up, this will be achieved by modifying the computer boot files (autoexec. bat) adding the program path and executable location. In this case like:- Since with this modification the system password will start instantly on the computer booting, It makes it harder for anyone to access the data of the system in other ways, like notepad, edit, etc. Another Security feature will be that the password can only be entered 3 times after which the computer will halt (freeze), and the only way to get back is to restart the computer, which again will take you to the password, the freeze process will be achieved by using a simple endless loop like:- Repeat Until restart; Since the Boolean variable restart is set to false and will never equal true in this case it will just keep looping. Thus making it extremely hard for the computer to be accessed in any way other then through the system, which will require a password. 2. 16 Overall Test Strategy. Test Strategy The test strategy will include:   Test all input forms, if they accept all the data   Testing of individual Menu System Options   Testing of inputting invalid or extreme data   Check backup and restore features   Test security features   Test system by inputting dummy data to simulate real events End-user tests it, to see if it meets his requirements 2. 16. 2 Test Plan Test No. Test Expected Result 1 Test Auto Boot Feature Boots straight into system, with no errors 2 Test Password Only â€Å"hello† accepted 3 Test all menu system options All options lead to the right place 4. Stock Table accepts all data sets from data set 1 All data accepted with out error 5 Test if only unique Item Code can be entered and not one that is already in the database Accepts only unique Item code 6 View Feature tested All entered data is displayed properly 7 3rd data set in stock table will be edited Changes accepted 8 8th data set in stock table will be deleted Record deleted successfully without any other affects. 9 Test Item Re-stock Feature If Items which need restocking appear in the records, these should be records, 5, 8 and 10 9 Test Check Out, Total feature Should give a correct total. Test if items sold in check out appear in sales table Should appear in sales table 11 Delete item from sales table Should delete 12 Test Return feature, if item returns to stock Should return to stock table and be deleted from sales table 13 Test Password Change Feature New Password should be accepted 14 Test Back up feature if database backs up to floppy disk Should copy stock and sales table to a floppy disk 15 Check Exit Feature Program should return to dos 16 Enter very large integer into an integer field Program may crash 17 Entering character into a integer field Program may crash. Entering more then 20 characters in the Item Name Field Since the variable for this is string[20] program may crash 2. 16. 3 Test Data Being used Test data set 1: Stock Table Item Code Item Description Price Amount in Stock Minimum Stock level 0001 Mobile Phone 35.